Vízügyi Közlemények, 2003 (85. évfolyam)

1. füzet - Szesztay Károly: Bolygónk életterébe illeszkedő gazdálkodás irányai és vízgazdálkodási vonatkozása

Bolygónk életterébe illeszkedő gazdálkodás irányai és vízgazdálkodási vonatkozásai 5 I reconsideration of the demographic and cultural bases of population policies. In doing so one should first face with facts of the population "blast" of the past three centuries, but especially of that of the past five decades (Figures 1 and 2). The consequences of this "blast" include: the splitting of arable land into fragments, the use of water resources which is made at far higher rates than that of the renewal of the resources; the spreading of AIDS in some very poor countries of Africa and of other continents, reaching and unmanageable state. To be able to manage the causes of the social and environmental crises of the Earth, which stemmed from the European civilisation, one should consider the generalisable laws of the birth, prospering and decline of civilisations (Figure 3.). For this the "case-studies" of past civilisations offer references. In a given case the analysis of the ecological and economic preconditions of sustainabiiity should be made in a systems approach, which considers the health and "anatomy" of the habitat of plants in a much more economy-oriented manner, than what was used so far (Figures 4 and 5). This means the studying of the wide-spreading environmental impacts of man-induced changes of the vegetation and of water resources (budgets) (Figure 8). The intensive land use forms of the river valleys of the Danube and of the Caipathian basin, which resulted (due to the significant increase of crop yield) in reduced need for land areas, needs an analysis of the relationships of floodplain ecology and water budget, which is also necessitated by flood-control considerations. In this approach the issues of sustainable management appear as the requirement of keeping the balance of the interrelated par of factors of slow and rapid changes. This analysis leads, from the methodological point of view, to the identification of seasonal "looping flow rating curves" (Figure 7). Results of the comparative analysis of the changes of évapotranspiration (due to the historical loss of Hungarian forests) over the growing season, between early April and late September, indicated that there was a decrease of 20 mm, normalized for annual precipitation and surface irradiation and expanded to include the country's territory as a whole (from 350 mm to 330 mm. Figure 8). Analysis of historic data confirmed the earlier assumption that there is a reversed relationship between the extent of regularly inundated land and forest land. This relationship existed under different balance conditions before and after the large river regulation works (Figure 8B). In the field of the economy of energy resources the technologies based on hydrocarbons (coal, oil and natural gas) should be gradually replaced by renewable resources, which do not emit harmful substances into the environment, which is being considered as having a value. Pioneering global changes of this type can be observed in the trends of the past two decades, putting more emphasis on the utilisation of wind energy and throwing new light onto hydropower generation (Figure 9 and Table I). * * * Richtungen und wasserwirtschaftliche Aspekte einer sich dem Lebensraum unseres Planeten anpassenden Wirtschaftsführung von Dr.Ing. Károly SZESZTAY. D.Sc. Eine sich dem Lebensraum der Erde anpassende, also langfristig erhaltbare Wirtschaftsführung erfordert auf jedem Gebiet der gesellschaftlichen Einrichtung und der Lebensführung radikale Veränderungen.Die heutige geld- und marktorientierte, wirtschaftliche und politische Weltordnung muß von einer auf das Leben orientierten Idealität und Wirtschaftsführung abge-