Vízügyi Közlemények, 2003 (85. évfolyam)
1. füzet - Orlóci I.-Szesztay K.: A vízgazdálkodás anatómiájának vázlata
38 Orl ùci I.-S iesztay К. notions. The establishment of the nature-conservation elements of hydraulic engineering planning is an important step-forward, but no generally applicable methodology has been developed so far. It can be stated, however, that the key of the harmonized meeting of the demands of damage-protection, water uses and of the ecosystem is the creation of full-scale balancing of the interests of nature and society in the field of river management. An important Hungarian experience is that the establishment of associations for the carrying out of flood control and water management of river valleys was an efficient institutional means Water management is method of harmonising interests and demands, the application of which can assure the securing of the water-habitat forming and human-demand satisfying role of the water. The handling of water management as an independent sector of the economy is justified by the fact that the needs of the society, which define its objectives are well identifiable and the subject of the management, the water, is a well-defined geographic element of our environment. The key element of the success of this management the carrying out a full-scale balance of all interests and values. Essentially, water management remained until our times a natural action, with the meaning that it does not produce new values, but establishes various physical-chemical conditions and distributes them. It follows from this reasoning that its objectives and results are measured in natural units, while its expenditures are specified in terms of the market. The partial or total lack of the market mechanism can and should be substituted by the full exploration and survey of value-forming processes over the entire system of meeting the water demands, making also a unified inventory of all natural and economic factors. The key in the development of water management is the "integrated water resources management", a new European approach, which has deep roots in Hungary. This management method is essentially based on the full review and balancing of the present and future needs of the society and of the meeting these needs, along with a full-scale harmonising system. It is focussed on the full harmonisation of all plans and activities, which have a direct or indirect relation with the hydrological processes, thus altering the properties of social importance of the water. The final result of this co-ordinating activity is a common-agreement, which defines the rules of utilising and controlling water resources, by the consideration of all social and economic values. * * * Eine Skizze zur Anatomie der Wasserwirtschaft von Dr.-Ing. István ORLÓCI und Dr.-Ing. Károly SZESZTAY, D.Sc. Die wasserwirtschaftlichen Prozesse des Wassers (v), der Energie (e) und der biogeochemischen Stoffe (b) bilden mit ihren ökologischen Beziehungen den Ausgangspunkt und den Leitfaden der Wasserwirtschaft (Bild /). Die Wasserwirtschaft {Bild 2) besteht - wie ja sämtliche Branchen des Wirtschaftslebens — aus der Gesamtheit von Tätigkeiten, welche die Befriedigung gesellschaftlicher Ansprüche zum Zweck haben. Ihre Ziele und ihr System werden durch die geographischen Gegebenheiten sowie durch die jeweiligen wirtschaftlichen und politischen Umstände determiniert. Ihre Eigentümlichkeit besteht darin, daß der Gegenstand der Bewirtschaftung —nämlich das Wassergleichzeitig der bedeutendster Regelfaktor der natürlichen Umwelt und ein unersetzlicher Grundstoff des Lebens ist ( Tabelle II). Ihre Widcrsprüchigkcit stammt aber daher, daß die Befriedigung der Wasseransprüche unvermeidlich mit der Beeinflussung der Naturprozesse, mit der Veränderung der Umwelt einhergeht.
