Vízügyi Közlemények, 2002 (84. évfolyam)

4. füzet - Kozák Miklós: Vízfolyások szabályozásáról a tények alapján és a jövő szemszögéből

596 Kozák Miklós Lászlójfy W:. A Tisza. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. 1982. Mosonyi E.: A hegyvidéki víztározás jelentősége a Tisza-völgy öntözéses gazdálkodásában, Önt. Közlemények. 1943. 1. Mosonyi £.: A mértékadó árvíz. Vízügyi Közlemények, LXXXI. évfolyam, 2. füzet, 1999. Nagy I.-Schweitzer F.—

Alföldi L.: A hullámtéri hordaléklerakódás (övzátony). Vízügyi Közlemények, LXXXIII. évfolyam, 4. füzet, 2001. Nagy L.\ A három-szoros vízerőmű. Vízügyi Közlemények, LXXXIV. évfolyam, 3. füzet, 2002. Rákóczi L.: A Duna hordalékjárása. Vízügyi Közlemények, LXXV. évfolyam, 2. füzet, 1993. Pan, Z. Z. X:. Lower Yellow River. ASCE. 1994. Shumm, S. A.-Winkley В. R.: The Variability of Large Alluvial Rivers. ASC 1994. Stancikova, A. : A Duna szabályozása. Vízügyi Közlemények, LXXXIII. évfolyam, 3. füzet, 2001. Stelczer K.-Csoma J.\ Ármentesítés, árvízvédelem, folyószabályozás. BME. Tankönyvkiadó, 1973. Teller E.: Huszadik századi utazás tudományban és politikában. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2002. Töry K.: A Duna szabályozása. Akadémiai Kiadó. Budapest. 1952. Váradi J.\ A Vásárhelyi-terv továbbfejlesztése. Mérnök Újság. 2002. 2. Zorkóczy Z.: A Felső-Duna szabályozása. Vízügyi Közlemények, 1. füzet, 1969. WMO-. Climate and Water in Europe Working Group, (WMO), Montreal, 1995. W. R. D.\ Water Resources Development-Irrigation and Hydropower. New Delhi, India, 2001. * * * On the regulation of water courses, based on facts and with an outlook to future developments By Miklós KOZAK Civil Engineer, Doctor of Sciences Water courses have always played and important role in the development of Mankind and their civilisations. Their role remained important also in our era for securing vital resources (water and food) and for development (power supply). The main reasons are: Populations of human beings are increasing at global scale, the fossil fuel resources of the Earth (coal, oil, natural gas) are getting exhausted, while causing the gross pollution of our vital resources. Simultaneously, however, hydropower, a continuously renewing energy resource of our globe, is making up to 20% of the total electric energy consumption and there is at least twice as much of this resource still non-utilized. This is one of the cleanest ways of producing energy. Therefore the utilisation of the water resources is the basic and vital interest of mankind and it is also the prerequisite of sustainable development. To do so, however, one must regulate the water courses and/or their flow with the construction of hydraulic structures. Global experiences with the regulation of streams indicate that there was a need for river regulation also in ancient times and this need prevails also today depending on the development objectives of the land in concern. Such decisions must be based on a multidisciplinary and prognostic approach (Figure /.). The catastrophic floods of some rivers depend on the sedimentation of the river valleys and on the decreasing of the flow conveyance capacity of the greater flood channel, the floodplain (on the vegetation and buildings found on the floodplain) (Such rivers are for example the Yangtze, the Tisza, the Platte and the Yellow River). Solutions can be obtained either by mnoff control (Yangtze and Yellow rivers) and/or on the recovery of the flow-conveyance capacity of the floodplain (Figure 2.). The material dredged out from the floodplain must be deposited outside of it only (or within the floodplain in forming islands). When a river forks off into several branches the flow capacity decreases and the channels become overdeveloped (Figures 3. and 4.). The solution is to close off the side branches and to direct the flow into the main channel, along with the provision of adequate flow into the side