Vízügyi Közlemények, 2002 (84. évfolyam)

4. füzet - Kozák Miklós: Vízfolyások szabályozásáról a tények alapján és a jövő szemszögéből

Vízfolyások szabályozásáról a tények alapján és a jövő szemszögéből 597 branches with nature conservation purposes. Meandering rivers become overdeveloped cutting themselves into the lose-structured alluvial deposits and the overdeveloped meanders arc prone to several damages (overtopping and breeching of river banks and dikes, development of ice jams and the endangering of settlements). In river reservoirs with high water levels the alternating flow-release (the peaking of the power plants) improves the quality of water. There are, however, rivers where the regulation was made in a non-professional way (like the River Niger), but no general conclusions must be drawn on such unfavourable experiences. The objectives of runoff control are, nearly always, the water resources management, the utilisation of hydropower (Figure 5.) and irrigation. In several underdeveloped countries this is the only chance for development. Under the objective of the "rehabilitation" of river valleys some groups are already advocating the reestablishment of the meandering of rivers although this would increase flooding danger, the formation of ice jams and the endangering the establishments on and beyond the riverbanks. The building of reservoirs provide the safe-deposits" for water resources management. Without this there is no water management, flood control, environmental management and there is no sustainable development either. This is also proven by the regulation of the River Tisza, which can also be considered as the second conquering of the land of Hungary. In this region the Körös River system has been getting refreshing flows from the Tisza for half of a century, without which the whole river valley would be prone to droughts. The reservoir "Lake Tisza", the "Lake Balaton" of the eastern part of Hungary, is one of the most valuable angler's paradises" in whole Europe. Standpoints stated without scientific knowledge are based on the lack of knowledge of natural sciences (as stated by E. Teller in 2002). Poverty is one of the worst enemies of the protection of the environment, when extremely luxurious life and demagogy are opposed to professional action. Experiences indicate that the basic principles of river training must be reviewed in several fields (individual considerations, nature conservation, water uses, hydropower generation). Experiences of more than 100 years justify that hydropower utilisation is one of the best helpers of nature conservation, as both are based on the renewing the cycles of naturally renewing of water resources. Those who advocate the priority of fossil fuelled power stations against the hydropower station are deteriorating the environment and have nothing to do with the protection of the environment. One should manage the water resources in a similar way as the management of mineral resources. One can only manage a resource if one is able to control them. In water resource management the essential prerequisites of such control are the river dams and other hydraulic establishments. * * * Über die Gewässerregulierung aufgrund der Tatsachen und vom Gesichtspunkt der Zukunft von Prof.ein. Dr.—

Ing. Miklós KOZÁK. DSe. Die Wasserläufe spielten immer eine wichtige Rolle in der Entwicklung der Menschheit bzw. der Zivilisation. Die Wichtigkeit ihrer Rolle als Lcbenselement (Trinkwasser und Lebensmittelversorgung) und Energieträger nimmt auch heutzutage zu. Die Ursachen dessen sind: die Zunahme der Bevölkerungszahl der Menschheit, die allmähliche Erschöpfung der fossilen Energieträger der Erde (Kohle, Erdöl. Erdgas), welche übrigens auch zur Verschmutzung unserer Lebenselemcnte wcscntlich beitragen. Z.Z. liefert die Wasserkraftnutzung, diese sich auf einer ewig erneuernden Quelle basierende, reinste Form der Encrgiecrzeugung, 20% der globalen Stromproduktion, wobei noch das Doppelte unbenutz ist. Die Nutzbarmachung des Ener-