Vízügyi Közlemények, 2001 (83. évfolyam)

2. füzet - Rövidebb tanulmányok, közlemények, beszámolók

A szennyvíztisztítás környezetbarát lehetőségei ritkábban lakott térségekben 347 Kárpáti A.-Rókus T.: Az eleveniszapos szennyvíztisztítás fejlesztésének irányzatai II. A foszfor-eltávolítás és a szerves széntartalom kihasználásának optimalizálása. 2. Veszprémi Környezetvédelmi konferencia, Veszprém, 1995. Kárpáti A.: A hazai szennyvíztisztító kapacitás reális felmérésének problémái. VÍZMŰ Panoráma VIII. (3), 2000. Kirchner A—Poeltner R—Kárpáti A.: Ausztria, Németország, Lengyelország és Magyarország közcsatorna- és élővízvédelmi előírásainak összehasonlítása. ÖKO-Ökológia-Kömyezetgazdálkodás-Társadalom, VII. évf. (1-2), 1996. Kirchner A.-Poeltner R —Kárpáti A.: Jogszabályozás — Ki hol tart a szennyvíz-tisztításban. Környezetvédelem, 1998. * * * Environmentally friendly options of waste water treatment in rarely populated areas by Dr. Árpád KARPATI chem. engineer The improvement of the treatment of Hungarian waste waters to an effluent quality matching the EU requirements can be mostly achieved by the provision of full sewerage and sewage treatment for the larger settlements of the country. Nevertheless, in Hungary' there are a large number of small settlements of insignificant "priority" from this point of view. Consequently one should not neglect the consideration of those local, environmentally friendly solutions, which favour the sustaining of natural water household processes, but are less common yet in Hungary. The minimising of construction and operation costs of sewerage and sewage treatment is always a decisive factor. To this end one should take into consideration and comparison of regional system as well as the local solutions, with the reuse of the treated effluents. The legal regulations and government support relevant to this latter solution are rather poor or missing. Consequently this paper explores the shortcomings of this regulation and reviews the technical solutions and the constrains of their application. The specific per capita costs of waste water collection is reviewed on the basis of the present norms, along with the conditions of locally treating and utilising the sewage waters of rarely populated areas. For this latter it was found, on the basis of the allowable nutrient loads to the soil, that the letting of appropriately treated sewage waters to infiltrate into the soil is allowable until the population density remains below 50 ind./hectare. Technical solutions for the appropriate treatment of sewage water is proposed for the case of local disposal. Natural treatment systems are also mentioned, but the main emphasis is laid on the activated sludge/biofiltration solutions, which can be applied to individual homes or group of homes. Figure 1. shows schematically the spatially and temporally cyclic nitrification/ denitrification solution, while Figure 2. the biological filtration solution, which provides similar removal efficiency. On the basis of analysing the individual solutions the need for the equalisation (unification) of the sewage is also discussed from the point of view of providing uniform load to the treatment facility, uniform treatment efficiency and also from that of securing disposal by irrigation or infiltration into the ground. The oxgenation or aeration requirements of this treatment technique are also discussed in details, along with the options for regulating aeration according to the needs of denitrificaiton. * * *