Vízügyi Közlemények, 1999 (81. évfolyam)

3. füzet - Rövidebb tanulmányok, közlemények, beszámolók

A Duna és vízgyűjtőjének ősvízrajza 511 SümeghyJ.: Medencéink pliocén és pleisztocén rétegtani kérdései. MÁFI évi jelentése 1951-röl, Budapest, 1955. Tillmanns, W.: Die Flußgeschichte der Oberen Donau. — Jahreshefte des Geologischen Landesamtes Baden-Württemberg, Vol. 26. Freiburg im Breisgau, 1984. "ry K.: A Duna és szabályozása. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1952. jgelsang. D - Villinger, D.: Elektromagnetische und hydrologische Erkundung des Donau-Aach Karstsystems (Schwäbische Alb) —Geol. Jahrbuch. Reihe C, Vol. 49, Hannover, 1987. * * * Palaeohydrographv of the Danube and its catchment by Ferenc NEPP EL, geographer, Prof. Dr. Sándor SOMOGYI, geographer, and Dr. Miklós DOMOKOS, civil engineer and mathematician The Danube, crossing Central and Southeast Europe in a length of 2857 km is, with its multiannual mean discharge of 6855 mV, after the Volga, the second greatest river of Europe and the 21st of the World. At present, its catchment area of 817,000 km- is essentially shared among 13 countries. The hydrologie cooperation of the Danube Countries, started as early as in 1972, resulted in 1986 in the publication of the work in three volumes, "The Danube and its Catchment - A Hydrological Monograph". The main purpose of that collaboration, continued since 1987 completely in the framework of the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) of the UNESCO, is to compile thematic follow-up volumes of common interest to the Danube Monograph. The follow-up volume dealing with the palaeogcographic evolution of the Danube Catchment, has been compiled during the period 1991—1999, with substantial scientific contributions from the competent experts of most Danube Countries, by the authors of the present paper. This work, in chronologic order the fourth follow-up volume, will be published as fascicle No. V/2, before the end of 1999, in English. The present paper is essentially a strongly abrigded version of the follow-up volume mentioned, aiming at the propagation of its content among a wider circle of interested Hungarian experts. The authors of the follow-up volume have strived to present a comprehensive, both chronologically and spatially well-balanced synthesis of the palaeogeo- and -hydrologie evolution of the Danube and its catchment taking place between about 25 million years B.C. up to 1850 A.D. They wanted to utilize all availble relevant information, considered up-to-date. To this purpose more than 200 basic works of the technical literature (Fig. 1—4) as well as a number of contributions in manuscript-form by the cooperating experts of the Danube Countries have been processed. Most of them, however, deal only with limited parts of the Danube Catchement and/or with limited partial periods of the Earth's history. Thus the main task of the authors consisted in fitting together, in cutting out (whenever necessary) and in making consistent among themselves these fragmentary information as well as in bridging eventualy still existing gaps by their own hypotheses, in order to obtain a consistent picture of the evolution history of the Danube Catchment. The mosl important foregoer of the present study is the work of Fink (1966), containing three maps, each of them visualising the reconstructed status of the river system of the Danube Catchment during a typical period of geologic chronology. These three maps were the main stimuli for compiling the 9 similar palaeogcographic maps of our follow-up volume, from which 5 arc included in the present paper. Table I offers, with the help of a logarithmically calibrated time scale, a survey of the localization in Earth's history of Figs 5 and 6 (displaying Europe's status prior to the genesis of the river system of the Danube) as well as of the five synoptic palaeogeographic maps (Figs 7-11) designed