Vízügyi Közlemények, 1981 (63. évfolyam)

1. füzet - Benedek Pál: Lebegőanyaghoz kötődő mikroszennyezők transzportja és eltávolításuk lehetőségei

66 Benedek Pál pollutants in the areas of Lake Balaton and the Kisköre Beservoir (pollution of agricultural origin), as well as of the capital Budapest (pollutants of urban origin). Using the equations of unsteady flow and transport and applying the method of finite differences, a mathematical model has been formulated for describing the linear transport processes in rivers (Figs. 8 and 9). With the help of the aforementioned transport model, further by introducing the expressions describing the major physical-chemical and chemical processes ( Figs. 5 and 6), a water quality model has been developed for tracing the fate of the cadmium pollution, that reaches the recipient Sajó Biver through the Bábony Creek. The model is suited to predicting the extent of cadmium pollution, regardless wether dissolvoed, or solid and including also the cadmium present in the bottom sediment, in any cross section of the Sajó Biver depending on the flow regime in the stream. By changing the initial- and boundary conditions, the model is applicable to other micro-pollutants and other rivers as well. In the course of developing the analytical methodology for polluting substances present in the sediments of rivers and lakes, a new method has been introduced for representing the results obtained. The advantage thereof is to reduce the sampling error and to improve the comparability of the results. The studies into the basic coagulation processes which play a fundamental role in the removal of suspended solids containing micropollutants as well, have repeatedly demonstrated the significance of rapid coagulant mixing, and indicated the most effective point and time of coagulant- and flocculant feed. On the basis thereof a new method of sedimentation (BKB rapid clarifier), no applied thus far in Hungary, has been developed. For removing the organic trace pollutants from drinking water, design principles of activated carbon filtration have been elaborated. In the interest of improving the efficiency of activated-sludge sewage treatment systems, a new approach of dimensioning and operation has been suggested. Several registered methods have been developed for removing from wastewaters oil pollution adhering to suspended matter. Plant experiments have succeeded in demonstrating that the trace pollutants can be removed effectively and with high efficiency by activated-sludge biological treatment if powdered coal is added to the wastewater. Instructions have been compiled for the practical application of this process ( Fig. 15). A new concept of water quality control has been developed, concentrating regulatory activities on the chemical (micro) pollutants that are detrimental to human health, in contrast to the pollution control philosophy followed thus far and based on the oxygen consuming (biodegradable organic) stubstances. The bulk of work has been concerned with the engineering solutions attendant to the new concept, but the economic impacts thereof, the construction- and operation costs, as well as the public costs of water pollution and water treatment have also been investigated (Fig. 18).