Vízügyi Közlemények, 1974 (56. évfolyam)
1. füzet - Bélteky Lajos-Korim Kálmán: A magyarországi artézi kutak gáztartalmú vizének felhasználásával kapcsolatos problémák
90 Bélteky Lajos— dr. Korimi Kálmán В связи с удалением газа авторами установлено, что предельное значение количества, содержащего в безгазной воде, метана определяется воздушным пространством Производственного, эксплуататорского помещения, а также его условиями поветривания и кол ичеством добываемой, употребляемой за единицу времени, воды. В общем, если содержание метана превышает 1%, то предприятие нужно считать огне-, и взрывоопасным. Для новых водопроводных станций не трудно обеспечить соблюдение общих принципов, но для существующих уже станций лищь с очень большими заботами и затратами можно решить проблемы удаления газа. Нужно увеличить и число исследований воды и газа. В целях этого для новостроящихся станций перед проектированием нужно провести определение количества и качества газа, добываемого вместе с водой. Авторами излагаются те простые способы удаления газа, с помощью которых в большой мере можно устранить опасность взрыва газа. * * * Problems related to the use oí gaseous waters from artesian wells in Hungary By Bélteky, L. and Dr. Korim, K. Attention to the high gas content of artesian waters in the Great Plains in Hungary was called by the artesian well drilling activity. The first artesian well with a noteworthy gas yield was drilled in 1879 in the plains East of the Tisza River. The natural gas thus obtained was shortly used in gas lamps at the Püspökladány railway station. This device had been operating for over 60 years. The „beneficial effects" of the gas absorbed in the artesian waters was recognized first. By the suitable arrangement of the casings pipes (tubing), or by installing a socalled producing pipe (tubing) of suitable diameter and length it was found possible to obtain free-flowing water even in locations where otherwise, without gas this was impossible. It was observed that the producing tubing has an optimal diameter at •which the yield is greatest from a gaseous well at a certain elevation above the terrain. Producing tubings have been installed in a number of thermal wells to make them free-flowing above the terrain level. By now the problem has become one of eliminating the "adverse effects". In their majority the gaseous waters in Hungary contain methane (CH 4), nitrogen (N 2) and carbonic acid (C0 2), of which methane is especially harmful, since, on the one hand, it is detrimental to health, on the other hand, it is explosive under certain circumstances. As long as the settlements (towns, villages) in the plains obtained their drinking water from public hydrants, the methane gas present in the water gave no rise to problems, or hazards, since once it attained atmospheric pressure in the pail, or other vessel, the gas escaped within a few seconds. However, since tap water has been introduced in the villages as well, difficulties, hazards and even accidents were encountered repeatedly on account of; the methane gas which escaped in elevated tanks and basins from the water and which accumulated in the closed, or poorly ventillated space above the water surface. The gas content or artesian waters received attention by the professionals as early as in the 1930-ies, before regular hydrocarbon (GH) explorations were started. The results of this work have been published in a form grouped on maps. The gaseous area is outlined in the map shown in Fig. 1. The gas content present in the artesian waters is variable with location and depth alike. In the light of available knowledge two theories seem to be justified concerning the origin of the gas encountered in the drinking water from wells. One is origin in situ, the other dispersion of gas, which has migrated upward owing to the diffusion of natural gas deposits. The studies published thus far indicate no more than the presence of gas in the water. The maps in Figs. 1 and 2 have been constructed on this basis. The hydrocarbon gas occurrences in Hungary are shown in Fig. 3, whence it will be appreciated that in the area East of the Tisza Biver the shallow drinking water wells above the gas fields yield also gaseous water.
