Vízügyi Közlemények, 1974 (56. évfolyam)
4. füzet - Papp Ferenc: Debrecen térségének vízgazdálkodása
508 Papp Ferenc AVater management in the Debrecen area by Papp, Ferenc, Civ. Епдг. In Chapter 1 it is stated that in Hungary the area around Debrecen town, seat of the Tisza River has the driest climate, where the annual average precipitation volume has decreased by about 7% from 1854 to these days. The surface runoff originating in this area is very small, but up to the middle of the past century this was compensated by a water course (the Tócó brook) which carried a permanent discharge and by about 60 to 70 rivulets and marshes which were covered by water for the greatest part of the year. Single minded drainage resulted in the lowering of the ground water table and in the gradual drying up of the region. These changes are analysed in detail and recommendations are made for retarding, or reversing these unwanted phenomena. Concerning water management the principal problems in the region around Debrecen town are listed as follows: 1. Meeting the demands for drinking- and industrial water over the entire area. 2. The treatment, disposal and utilization of the municipal wastewaters. 3. Irrigation development on the loess ridges. 4. Creation of a pond- and lake system, suited to reastablishing the subsurface water balance. 5. By the reclamation of municipal areas the expansion of space for urban development (Fig. 1.). The author and his collaborators have prepared a multipurpose, complex water management plan for the whole area of Debrecen, the so-called Hajdúhátság Region, in which solutions are offered to these problems. Chapter 2 is devoted to the réévaluation of present water management, under which a description is presented first of a system by which the demands for drinkingand industrial water in Debrecen town are met. The variations and gradual increase of ground water withdrawal is illustrated in Fig. 2., while the lowering of the static ground water table is shown in Fig. 3. The task of the future is to reestablish the balance between recharge to, and pumping from, the ground water resources, for which reason increasing reliance must be made on surface supplies. The present practice and future possibilities of disposing of the municipal wastewaters are outlined, irrigation in the areas around Debrecen (Fig. 4.), the causes of the reduction in forest areas are considered and the climatological changes are illustrated subsequently by numerical data (Table I. and Fig. 5.). It is concluded that the shift towards aridity has brought about fundamental changes in the former natural balance. The problems of drainage and land clearing in the outskirt areas are discussed in their relations with settlement development. The disposal of waters draines from the swimming pools and baths (Figs. 7. and 8.), further water management in forest-covered catchments (Kati Creek) (Fig. 9.) are also dealt with. Chapter 3 is entitled "The requirements of water management up to the turn of the century" and presents a forecast on the demands for drinking- and industrial water in Debrecen town for the period 1972 to 2000 (Fig. 10.), on the growth of municipal wastewater volumens and of the need for disposing them (Fig. 11.), on the increase in the demand for irrigation water, on the needs for drainage in relation to urban development. The total demand is estimated at 12 m 3/sec, divided as 0.50, 0.35, 0.15 and 11.0 m 3/sec to drinking-, industrial-, social- and irrigation water, respectively. This demand can be satisfied by storage, involving the construction of a reservoir of 15 million m 3 capacity and of a pumping station delivering 3.5 m 3/sec. In Chapter 4 the structures contemplated for the multi-purpose project are described, including the principal irrigation diversion, the structures of social water supply and storage, the reclamation works, the storage of saline waters, the facilities of wastewater treatment and the reservoirs at Erdőspuszta.
