Századok – 2009
TANULMÁNYOK - Monostori Tibor: A Magyar Királyság helye az Ausztriai Ház országai között az európai spanyol hegemónia korában (1558-1648) V/1023
máról is, abban a korban, amikor a Magyar Királyság az universitas christiana egyik fontos védőbástyája volt.18 9 THE POSITION OF THE HUNGARIAN KINGDOM AMONG THE COUNTRIES OF THE HOUSE OF AUSTRIA IN THE PERIOD OF SPANISH DOMINATION IN EUROPE (1558-1648) by Tibor Monostori (Summary) The study aims at redefining the position of the Kingdom of Hungary within the European system of states in the 16t h and 17t h centuries, that is, in the century following the death of emperor Charles V It regards the Kingdom of Hungary, an integral part of the Central European Habsburg Monarchy, as one of the countries subjected to the House of Austria. It is justified not only by the intensity of the relationship between the two Habsburg conglomerations of land, that is, the Spanish Monarchy and the Central European Habsburg Monarchy, but also by the contemporary dominance of the Spanish branch and by the influence, stronger that that of the other contemporary western powers, but hardly known, which the Spanish Monarchy exerted upon the historical evolution of the Hungarian Kingdom. The study overviews the relevant European and Hungarian historiography, clarifies the basic conceptions such as the „House of Austria", „Austrian" and monarchia universalis, examines the „Spanish system", making use of the most recent results of international research of politics and economy, and of a wide variety of sources on Spanish affairs from different European archives. The results achieved so far clearly show that the application of a new, All-European historical framework can have a fertilizing effect in the research of the Hungarian Kingdom in the 16th and 17th centuries. Whether the model can indeed be put to use should be decided by the study of original sources in various European archives in the coming years. Yet some partial results, and the list of archives where research is to be undertaken, which is presented in a separate sub-chapter, make it possible to anticipate some of the expected results, mainly with regard to the anti-Ottoman struggles, the political network within the Holy Roman Empire, the history of the Thirty Years' War and of commercial relations. 189 „A világuralom keletről nyugat felé haladva, a médek, perzsák, görögök és rómaiak kezén át, végre a spanyolokhoz érkezett. [...] Az isten fia harmadnapra felszállott az égbe, hátrahagyván a földön helytartóját, kit pápának neveznek, ki az ő székén ül mennyei bölcsességgel, környezve sok igen jeles fejedelemmel, kik az isteni igazságért küzdenek s kik között a spanyol király az első helyet foglalja el." Tommaso Campanella „De monarchia hispanica" című, 1600 körül írt munkáját Mika Sándor idézi: Mika S.\ Richelieu i. m. 33.
