Századok – 1996
Tanulmányok - Kovács László: A kora Árpád-kori pénzújításról IV/823
860 KOVÁCS LÁSZLÓ H42a, H76, H84, H95, and H98, but there is also another possibility.136 "14 1 However, no periodical renovatio119-126 can be established in these cases, just like in the case of Stephan II (1116-1131) and Bela II (1131-1141) with 5 (H44-H47, H54?; see Table 7) and 2 (H171, H179) or 4 types (H49-H50, H53, H54?; see Table 8).132 "13 5 Among contemporary grave finds from the Carpathian Basin 1667 coins have been found in 1371 graves. In 126 graves there were several of them, in 38 the coins were identical, and in 32 graves the type of at least one coin could not be established. So there were only 56 graves with several coins that could be analyzed and interpreted (4.08 per cent, see Table 9). Exchange was never consistent. Two types of coins could be found in 44+5 cases, and three types in seven cases. This could be the approximate number of types used simultaneously.142 The composition of treasure finds (see Table 10) proves that the individual types were in circulation for a long time. The k/u ratio was the highest during the reign of Ladisias I (0.94:18 years/17 treasures; see Table 11), and from that time on the various types became more and more numerous, and there was an increasing number also of treasure troves including one type of coins only.143 "14 4 The former statement supports the arguments against renovatio, while the latter supports the ones for it. The successors left fewer tressure troves to posterity, but the great variety of types remained. At the same time, no finds contain only one type in spite of the contrary expectations. To sum up, an irregular (?) renovatio monetae must have been introduced by King Salomon more on Czech than on German pattern, and during the reign of Ladisias I a periodical change appeared (every two years). The system was, however, never consistent in the examined period of Hungarian history. Since uncertainty prevails as regards the coins of King Ladislas's successors, the survival of the system cannot be established for the time being. It is also not sure if a yearly renovatio was introduced before the end of the period at all.
