Századok – 1996

Tanulmányok - Kovács László: A kora Árpád-kori pénzújításról IV/823

A KORA ÁRPÁD-KORI PÉNZÚJÍTÁSRÓL 859 La composition des trouvailles (tableau 10.) prouve aussi la circulation durable des émissions. Le quotient k/u dans l'époque de saint-Ladislas est le plus grand: (0,94; 18 ans) 17 trouvailles (tableau 11.) et de temps de son règne s'est multiplié la quantité des toruvailles de plusieurs types et celle du type unique.143-144

La première est l'argument contre la rénovation monétaire, l'autre pour cette rénovation. Dans l'époque de ses descendants: la quantité des trouvailles se réduise, et cependant le choix riche des types reste: les émissions de type de la même sorte disparaissent, bien qu'on puisset supposer un processus contraire. 3. Enfin on peut constater que la rénovation monétaire irrégulière concluée de l'émission de plusieurs types de monnaie par les divers rois: c'était peut-être l'initiative du roi Salamon qui l'introduisait sous l'influence plutôt bohémienne que germanique. Et c'était peut-être sous le règne de saint-Ladislas que le système du change d'émission (tous les 2 ans?) périodique se formait, lequel système ne fonctionnait jamais conséquemment dans la période analysée. Étant donné que il y a jusqu'ici une incertitude relative aux émissions de ses succédents: on ne peut pas constater que ce système fonctionnait ou pas et si oui, jusqu' à quand. Il reste encore un problème resté: si avant 1141 — la fin de la période examinée — se constituait la pratique de la rénovation monétaire par an du pays ou non? RENOVATIO MONETAE IN THE EARLY ARPADIAN AGE IN HUNGARY by László Kovács (Summary) It is well known that in the period of the early Arpadian Age recently analyzed by the author (1000-1141 A. D.)1 some kings issued several types of coins.2-3

At first, coins were issued on occasion4

, but later it was customary to explain the repeated issue of another type or types of coins after the introduction of a new mint by the practice of a periodical renovatio monetae or reluitio, or mutatio monetae (a compulsory exhange of money).5

To establish the possible place of loaning, the author surveyed opinions on the Carolingian,6-7

British8

, Czech9-1

7

, German1

8

"2

5

, and Polish2

6

" 35

practice. In the second half of the 11th century, Hungary introduced occasional exchange.3

9

"5

5

At that time the country was already up to the standards of renovatio set by Stanislaw Suchodolski.36

"38 Stephan I, the Saint (1000-1038) had only one denar minted (HI where H = Huszár, Münzkatalog3) to be circulated. H2 was an occasional issue, and the official character of 113 and H4 is questionable (see Table 1). Kings Peter (1038-1041, 1044-1046) and Samuel Aba (1041-1044) bad one type of coin minted each (H6 and H7).56

"6

4

The first coin issued by Andrew 1 (1046-1060-) was H8 that was followed by 119, some pieces of which varied greatly in size and were merely (not necessarily officially) trimmed65

"7

5

versions of the original (see Table 2). The exchange of the two types was presumably due to political reasons.76

"6

2

The contemporary dux Bela (1048-1060), later also as King Bela I (1060-1063) was also satisfied with having one type of coin minted (Hll and II 12).83

"91 The types, the sequence, and the dating of the coins minted by King Salomon (1063-1074) are uncertain, though the king is considered to have been a great reformer along German patterns92

"95 (presumably II14-17; see Table 3).96

"10

1

These types could not be equivalents owing to their different image (H14-H15) or different amount (H16-H14-H15-H17). Still, there might have been a rare, occasional, and inconsistent exchange due to financial reasons10

2

"10

6

, though contemporary dux Geza (1064-1074) and even perhaps King Geza I was content with one type each (H18 and H19-20?).107108

The fact that King Ladisias I (1077-1095) had ten different types of coins (H21-H30) and ruled for nineteen years suggests that he might have had a regular renovatio every second year. Although the order of these types is debated (see Table 4), their silver content has not yet been established, and some of them (H28, H30) seem to be local (see Table 5), the only question is if the king issued ten types every second year or eight types every two or three years as part of the process of re/iouaiio.109

"11

8

In the case of his successors, the order of the individual types cannot be established, since anonymous denars were issued beginning with King Coloman (1095-1116). Coloman issued perhaps ton types of coins (H31-H41, see Table 6), some of which (H32, H35, H37-38) were not minted for the purposes of renovatio, and their order or serial number is unknown for the time being. Some anonymous pieces could probably be included into the series, e.g.,