Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
can be followed in the pottery of the cultural groups of the Late Bronze Age: Cehăluţ— Hajdubagos466, Berkes467 and Piliny468. In the Plain of Satu Mare this form will become widespread in the developed phase of the Gáva culture. Type 5 comprises low bowls with out curved rim decorated with concentric channelled decoration. It is represented by a single vessel (PI. 22/12). The vessel is encountered in the Lăpuş II horizon469. Concentric channelled decoration in the upper part of the vessels appear on different bowl forms of the Gáva I type finds from the area of Carei470. Concentric channelled decoration continues to be sometimes present on bowls with wide rims and in the more evolved phases of the Gáva culture4'1. These are similar also with the bowls discovered in the Hallstattian environments in Transylvania472. An important aspect concerning the bowls and dishes from the Lăpuş II-Gáva I settlements is the bi-chrome firing of the inner and outer surfaces of the vessels. There is a need to highlight the low amount of bowls and dishes that have a shiny black inner surface, representing 3,29% from the total of bowls and dishes discovered in the archaeological complexes. Even if these are added the examples discovered in the cultural stratum, the percent of the employment of bi-chrome firing remains very low compared to the bowls and dishes from the 2nd phase of the Gáva culture473. The most frequent decoration on bowls is represented by the faceting of the rims with 2-3 concentric facets. This manner of modelling the rim is recurrent on the bowls/dishes of the Lăpuş group474. Among the finds of the Gáva culture, faceted bowls are relatively numerous at Grăniceşti, their presence being related to some inherited Lăpuş II elements475. The channelled decoration is likewise horizontally arranged on the rim, only in the case of type 5 bowls it goes underneath it. Other types of channelled decoration are rare, these are present only on certain types of vessels: arched channels and appliqué ribs on bowls (type 3), a group of short oblique channels on a bowl with inverted rim. Striations are present only on 7,69% of the bowls from Petea—Csengersima, being frequently encountered on the bowls of the Lăpuş group476. Knobs (motif AJ) and relief appliqué ribs (motif BH) are rarely present. An important aspect concerning the bowls and dishes from the Lăpuş II-Gáva I settlements is the bi-chrome firing of the inner and outer surfaces of the vessels. There is a need to highlight the low amount of bowls and dishes that have a shiny black inner surface, representing 3,29% from the total of bowls and dishes discovered in the archaeological complexes. Even if these are added the examples discovered in the cultural stratum, the percent of the employment of bi-chrome firing remains very low compared to the bowls and dishes from the 2nd phase of the Gáva culture477. 446 Kacsó 1999, tafi.II/1 -4; Bejinariu 2001, pl. VII/ 4,5. 467 Kovács 1970, fig.l 1/15,17-18, 12/3,16/13, 10/17. 4,58 Kemenczei 1984, taf. X/ 27, XVI/ 14. 469 Kacsó 1981, p. 38. 470 Németi 1990, fig. 4/9, 16/1. 471 Kemenczei 1984, taf. CXLVIII/16; László, 1994 fig.23/ 6-8 (variant Ccb). 472 Vasiliev — Aldea — Ciugudean 1991, p. 86, fig. 36/5,6 (IVd); Vasiliev 1995, p. 122, fig. 15/3; Pankau 2004, tip.3, p. 64. 473 Vasiliev — Aldea — Ciugudean 1991, p. 84; László 2004, p. 71 (60,03% of the number of bowls and dishes from Grăniceşti). 474 Kacsó 1981, p. 38 (Lăpuş); Kacsó 1993, fig. 1/13,14; VII/5,6 (Suciu de Sus -Pe şes); Kacsó 2003, XIII/4 (Lăpuş - Cioncaş), XVTII/6,7 (Lăpuş - Tinoasa). 475 László 1994, p. 74, 93. 476 Kacsó 1981, p. 38 (Lăpuş); Kacsó 1990, fig. 9/4,5,6; Kacsó 1993, fig. IX/3 (Suciu de Sus — Pe şes), XIII/5 (Groşii Ţibleşului — Tăuşor), Kacsó 2003, pl. XIV/3 (Lăpuş - Podul Hotarului), XVIII/1-4,6 (Lăpuş — Tinoasa). 477 Vasiliev — Aldea — Ciugudean 1991, p. 84; Lászlót 2004, p. 71 (60,03% of the number of bowls and dishes from Grăniceşti). 72
