Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
IV. Habitation of the Lăpuş II-Gáva I Archaeological Culture
The most frequent decoration on bowls is represented by the faceting of the rims with 2-3 concentric facets. This manner of modelling the rim is recurrent on the bowls/dishes of the Lăpuş group478. Among the finds of the Gáva culture, faceted bowls are relatively numerous at Grăniceşti, their presence being related to some inherited Lăpuş II elements479. The channelled decoration is likewise horizontally arranged on the rim, only in the case of type 5 bowls it goes underneath it. Other types of channelled decoration are rare, these are present only on certain types of vessels: arched channels and appliqué ribs on bowls (type 3), a group of short oblique channels on a bowl with inverted rim. Striations are present only on 7,69% of the bowls from Petea—Csengersima, being frequently encountered on the bowls of the Lăpuş group480. Knobs (motif AJ) and relief appliqué ribs (motif BH) are rarely present. Cups Out of the total forms present in the complexes of the settlement, cups have a high frequency (20,35%), taking up the second position after the category of bowls/dishes. Two thirds of the cups discovered in the two settlements were made from fine clay, while one third from semi fine clay. As in the case of other vessels from the table ware category, the great attention paid to the treatment of the surfaces, especially the outer surface, is remarkable. The colours obtained due to firing are various, ranging from brick-coloured to darker shades, even intense black. A limited number of examples that belong to certain types were fired in a manner that gave their outside a shiny black colour, while the inner surface became brick-coloured, brown or grey. More than half of the cups from the Lăpuş II—Gáva I habitation at Petea-Csengersima are decorated. The presence of decoration or the preference for some ornamental motifs is in relation with certain types, subtypes and variants. These were established based on the general aspect of the body and the form of some accessories. Type 1 includes tall cups with curved bodies. The examples of this type have a greater height than half of the maximum diameter. The rim is out curved and the handle is over raised. It represents 43,18% from the total of cups whose form was determined, being the most wide spread type. Based on the profile of the body the subtypes were established. Subtype 1A comprises tall cups with bi-conical body. Within the framework of subtype 1A, variant lAa has the maximum diameter half way of its height (PI. 10/5, 38/7), while variant lAb has the maximum diameter right under the mouth (PI. 9/9, 14/8, 21/4). Subtype IB comprises cups with a globular body (PI. 4/6). Type 1 cups have the diameter of the mouth ranging between 4 and 14 cm and the height between 5 and 12 cm. Almost half of this type’s cups are decorated, the decoration techniques used being incision-excision (motifs IB, IC), faceting and channelling (motifs KA, GH). Type 1 cups have analogies within the pottery of the Lăpuş481 group and within the Gáva I type pottery from the Plain of Carei482. Similarities among the cups of the three regions are noticeable also in what concerns their ornamentation. Type 1 cups are similar with subtypes IB and 3B of the Suciu de Sus pottery. It is also possible that a few small fragments decorated with excised-incised motifs might originate from cups of the Suciu de Sus habitation, which in the Lăpuş II—Gáva I complexes represent finds in secondary 478 Kacsó 1981, p. 38 (Lăpuş); Kacsó 1993, fig. 1/13,14; VII/5,6 (Suciu de Sus -Pe şes); Kacsó 2003, XIII/4 (Lăpuş — Cioncaş), XVIII/6,7 (Lăpuş - Tinoasa). 479 László 1994, p. 74, 93. 4811 Kacsó 1981, p. 38 (Lăpuş); Kacsó 1990, fig. 9/4,5,6; Kacsó 1993, fig. IX/3 (Suciu de Sus - Pe şes), XIII/5 (Groşii Ţibleşului - Tăuşor), Kacsó 2003, pl. XIV/3 (Lăpuş — Podul Hotarului), XVIII/1-4,6 (Lăpuş — Tinoasa). 481 Kacsó 1981, p. 40 (varianta XI Cl); Kacsó 1990, fig. 8/18, 9/11 (Libotin); Kacsó 1993, pl. 1/16, 11/6,7 (Suciu de Sus), XIII/6 (Groşii Ţibleşului); Kacsó 2003, pl. XV/14 (Lăpuş - La arini), XVII/17 (Lăpuş — Tinoasa). 482 Németi 1990, fig. 2/3, 4/2, 6/11, 9/6,9 (Berveni), 11/8,15/1 (Carei). 73
