Marta, Liviu: The Late Bronze Age Settlements of Petea-Csengersima (Satu Mare, 2009)
III. Habitation of te Suciu de Sus Archaeological Culture
published examples from the other Suciu settlements148. Type one is predominantly made from semi fine and coarse clay. Its decoration is poor, and it is characteristic of coarse pottery: knobs (type AA — PI. 27/9 and AC — PI. 50/6), arched appliqué rib decoration (type BB - PL 47/1). One example has its rim faceted and thickened like the Lăpuş II-Gáva I bowls (PI. 45/9). Type 2 includes bowls and dishes with arched walls. Subtypes 2A and 2B have been established on the basis of the same criteria: the absence or presence of the small pointed lobes. Subtype 2A has an out curving rim or a straight rim with thickened outside (PI. 15/15, 27/8, 29/8, 33/6, 34/11, 36/5, 43/9, 44/4,11, 45/1). Subtype 2A is well represented in the settlement at Petea—Csengersima (24 examples). There are also many published examples from other sites of the Suciu culture149 which seem to indicate that it is the most frequent variant among the bowls of this culture. The great majority of type 2A bowls are made from semi fine clay (90%), the others are made from coarse clay and only a few examples contained fine clay in their composition. Decoration and accessories are present on a small number of examples and consist of: pointed knobs (AA), false handles (AD), arched appliqué rib decoration (BB), dotted decoration arranged in one row (DA) or in small groups (DD). The subtype of arched bowls with lobed rim (2B) is relatively well illustrated by 11 examples discovered at Petea — Csengersima (PI. 15/16, 28/3, 31/12, 56/8, 64/7). All are made from coarse or semi fine clay with one exception which was made from fine clay. Their decoration is extremely poor, only one example has pointed knobs (AA). The presence of type B bowls was observed in settlements from the Suciu III phase1511. The lobed bowls from the first151 and second phase152 of the Suciu culture shows that the lobes on their rims are part of a tradition which originates from the first phase of the culture. The custom to have lobes on the rim appears in the Middle Bronze Age among several cultures in the Carpathian region. Their dissemination dates from the Tumulus grave culture153. During the third phase of the Suciu culture the bowls are used in vast areas of the Carpathian region being well illustrated also by the bowls from the neighboring cultural areas (for example the Piliny154 or Hajdúbagos — Cehăluţ cultures)155. Type 3 comprises bowls with a pronounced shoulder, this category including subtype 3A without lobes on the rim and subtype 3B which has four pointed lobes on the rim similar to the case of the preceding type. Subtype 3A (PI. 47/7,9, 50/15, 56/6) has a relatively low occurrence, being illustrated by 9 examples. The majority are made from semi fine or fine clay. Only one vessel has been made from coarse clay. Variant 3B, which was identified on the basis of six vessels, has an identical shape and has lobes on the rim (PI. 24/1, 27/3,7, 42/9, 50/2). They had a wider range of uses within the settlement since various type 3 vessels with excised-incised decoration have been discovered in the cultural layer. The majority are made from semi fine or fine clay. The most frequent method of decoration used on both variants of the type 3 bowls is excision-incision. This is applied on the outside of the vessels and sometimes on the upper part of the rim and base. Examples with the richest decoration have the spiral as the main theme, arranged in a strip with one or two rows. The top of the spirals marks the point where the walls are slightly pushed outward. This manner of arrangement of the main theme, present in an identical form on some cups and amphorae 148 Kacsó 1987, fig. 1/19; Kacsó 2005, pi. 13/3. ,4<) Bader 1978, pl. LII/3,4,9; Kacsó 1987, fig. 1/18, 2/24-27; Pop 2003, p.86 fig. 6/1,3,7,9,11; Kacsó 2003, pi. VII/17-19, VIII/1 -3, XXII/3,16,17, XXVII/8, XXX/12. 150 Bader 1972, pl.9/1; Kacsó 1980, pl. 1/19; Pop 2003, fig. 6/6; Kacsó 2005a, pi. 13/1,2. 151 Recent research at Medieşu Aurit — Togul Iui Schweitzer. 152 Bader 1978, pi. XLVII/11, XLVIII/7. 153 Bader 1978, p. 53. 154 Kemenczei 1984, pl. IV/2,4,6, VII1/13, XII/14, XIII/2. 155 Kovács 1970, abb. 8/2,10, 9/1; Németi 1978, p.l 18; pi. 1/1,9/11; Kacsó 1999, pl. VII/4,9; Bejinariu - Lakó 2000, fig. 6/1,11/2. 30
