Porumbăcean, Claudiu (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări. Seria istorie-etnografie-artă 35/2. Volum aniversar 1969-2019 (2019)
Istorie
REPERE DIN ISTORIA ÎNVĂŢĂMÂNTULUI SĂTMĂREAN ÎNTRE 1945 1968 Radu DAVID Abstract: The Romanian administration was restored in North - Western Transylvania, including in Satu Mare County, only in March 1945, although the Romanian and Soviet troops had liberated this territory by October 25, 1944. The retrocession of North - Western Transylvania to Romania, was conditioned by the Soviet Union by the establishment of a pro-Soviet government in Bucharest, which took place on 6 March 1945. In the autumn of 1944 the passage of the front on the territory of Satu Mare County had a negative influence on the education process. Some schools suffered from aerial bombardments and ground battles. In the school year 1944-1945 only a few schools in the county were open for classes. Most of the teaching staff failed to come back from refuge, given the chaotic situation of North-Western Transylvania from October 1944 to March 1945. Most schools reopened in the autumn of 1945, facing great difficulties due to the damaged buildings and the shortages in terms of teaching staff, textbooks, school furniture, firewood. For example, in Oaş there were 63 positions of primary-school teachers available for the school year 1945-1946, but only 54 could be occupied. Even in the school year 1946-1947 in Satu Mare County, 50 teachers from other counties were needed. By the school year 1947-1948 the school infrastructure of the county was partially restored. Schools with an old tradition coexisted with others established between 1945 and 1947, public schools coexisted with confessional schools, institutions providing education in Romanian, with others where the teaching was carried out in Hungarian. It seemed things were returning to a state of normality, but a careful observer of the political life could have doubted the duration of this seemingly “normal” state. After the Communists took over state power completely, with King Michael being banished from the country at the end of 1947, they made massive changes in all the fields, changes that also affected the education system. On August 3, 1948, the Decree 175 on Education Reform was published in the “Official Gazette”. It brought about structural changes to schools of all levels, it was inspired by the Soviet legislation in the field, and it was based on the spirit of class struggle. It opened the way to the Sovietization of the education and the creation of the new man. In 1950, a new law of administrative organization was applied in the Romanian Peoples Republic, inspired by the Soviet model. The country was divided into regions, and these, in their turn, in districts. Satu Mare County was included in the Baia Mare region (renamed afterwards Maramureş). The regional residence Satu Mare - Studii şi Comunicări, nr. XXXV/II, 2019, p. 229-241
