Porumbăcean, Claudiu et al. (szerk.): Satu Mare. Studii şi comunicări. Seria istorie-etnografie-artă 29/2. (2013)

Istorie

ISTORIA FAMILIEI ŞI ISTORIA MOŞIEI NOBILIARE ÎN COMITATUL UGOCEA. MOBILITATEA DOMENIULUI NOBILIAR MEDIEVAL

Gianina-Diana IEGAR

Keywords: Middle Ages, Ugocea county, Kata kindred, noble families, noble domain, judicial procedures

Abstract: The numerous Káta kindred descendant families in the area of Ugocea, Bereg and Satu Mare Counties and their history in the 13th till the 16th century represent a suggestive case study regarding the connection between the noble family, its status and behaviour in a certain period, and the structure of the land they possess. The composition of the noble domain is actually changing a lot during short periods of time, mainly because of the internal divisions between heirs, but also because of the trials and property conflicts which often appear between the land owner and his neighbours or relatives. In the same time, the ascension of social status or different services provided to the king, mainly military ones could bring increases to the noble domain.

The loss of a trial would diminish significantly the noble domain. That is why the strategy of the owner becomes decisive in regard to managing trials. The case of the noble family of Lazuri is relevant from this point of view: poor management of the trial with the descendant of the Gútkeled kindred leads to defeat and loss of a large part of their domain. The family of Lazuri, the most significant descendant of the Káta kindred in the second half of the 13th century, becomes thus, in only 20 years, the poorest of the entire lineage. In the same time, the Csarnavoda family benefited the most from the losses of their kin. They took the trial in their own hands and retrieved the properties lost by loan in the course of the juridical actions. However, the largest extension of the Csarnavoda family domain took place after the extinction of their relatives, the Lazuri and Vasvári families. The trail of the inheritance can thus be traced from the first ancestor of the Káta kindred back to the hands of one descendant family, the family of Surány, at the end of the 15th century, after the death of the last member of the Csarnavoda family.

In only two centuries, three of the four descendants of the Káta kindred disappeared. Their domain went through a lot of changes during this period of time, illustrating the mobility of the noble property, especially in the case of a kindred heritage. The means and mechanisms of change differ from one case to another, and this is why the structure of the noble property in the Middle Ages can only be revealed by numerous case studies and inquiries over individual noble domains.

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Structura şi dimensiunile domeniului unei familii nobiliare reprezintă indicatorul comportamentului social şi, din acest motiv, un punct de plecare reprezentativ pentru explicarea fenomenelor mai complexe, care presupun interrelaţionări şi influenţe reciproce. In cazul neamurilor nobiliare, care pornesc de la un domeniu unitar, divizarea în familii descendente duce spre o evoluţie total distinctă a fiecărei ramuri, care creează în acelaşi timp diferenţe de statut importante. Aceste diferenţe sunt însă extrem de mobile, o familie putând sărăci sau evolua mult pe parcursul unei singure generaţii.

Pentru a ilustra mobilitatea domeniului/statutului nobiliar, am ales să analizăm prin metoda studiului de caz exemplul a două familii descendente din ramura de Satu Mare — Ugocea a neamului Káta,

Satu Mare - Studii şi Comunicări, nr. XXIX/II, 2013, p. 11-21