Szabolcs-Szatmár-Beregi levéltári évkönyv 13. (Nyíregyháza, 1999)

Helytörténeti tanulmányok - Irodalomtörténeti tanulmányok - Tálas Anikó: Czóbel Minka és Büttner Helén barátsága

of opinions the settlement came into being after 1529 (various sources mention dates from various periods of the 17

th century). By analyzing documents referred to in the paper, it is possible to prove that these documents are related to Ofeh^rto and not Ujfeherto! Ujfeherto was established in the end of the 16th or the beginning of the 17

th century. The first written source mentioning its name is from 1608. As there was only one Feherto in Szabolcs County before the late 16

th or early 17

th century, no identifying prefix was necessary. When a new one came into being, the old one received the prefix 6- (=old) and the other the Uj- (=new). Judit P6k THE WINDING TISZA RIVER (Some Works on the River Without the Major Regularization Projects) The paper describes some important flood defense works on the upper Tisza River from the times before the great river control projects which started in 1845. In that time regularization of rivers was not a government issue. It was the responsibility of the counties, in this case Szabolcs, Szatmar, Bereg, Zemplen and Ung Counties. In addition to raising the ridge of the training banks and repairing them, cutting through sharp and long bends was recognized as a highly effective means against floods. Accomplishing such works was, however, difficult because of contradictory interests. The interests of Szabolcs were, for instance, usually contradictory to those of the counties located above it along the river. Szabolcs was afraid that after cutting through long bends the current of the river would become faster, and the levees would be unable to withstand the increased pressure of the water. Results were usually achieved only when the government interfered and issued a definite order to implement a major work on the river. The government commissioners, Baron Lorinc Orczy, then Baron Miklos Vay recognized that regularization was to begin on Tisza itself, and not on its tributaries. Baron Lorinc Orczy acted as Government Commissioner for the Tisza Valley from 1772 to 1784. During this period he conducted cutting through bends and other flood defense works along the river, and had the riverbed cleaned all along, which made navigation possible. After these works it became possible to transport salt on river rafts all the way to Tokay. Baron Mikl6s Vay was a Government Commissioner for the Tisza valley for two decades (1802-1824). Several charting and regularization projects were conducted during this period. He was a worthy successor of LSrincz Orczy and a predecessor of Count Istvan Szechenyi. He believed that only somebody familiar with all the hydrological network and catchment area of Tisza was able to make a really useful proposal for regularization. He also believed that regularization should start with Tisza itself. The heaviest argument against it was the very high cost. There was a similarly powerful argument for it as well, and it was 600,000 hectares of new ploughland gained and put into agricultural cultivation as a result of the regularization. One of the most difficult segments of Tisza has always been the one stretching from Zahony, through Csap and Zsurk way down to Salamon. The training banks were unable to