Barczi Attila: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 24. - A Tihanyi-félsziget talajai (Zirc, 2000)
SOILS OF THE TIHANY PENINSULA AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Detailed research tasks were: • to produce a 1:10 000 scale genetic soil map of the Tihany Peninsula • to convert this map into a digital form and then to establish the possibilities for comparing this with other maps • to record the changes which have been made to the Tihany soils • through studying the traditional land-use practices on Tihany Peninsula, to determine the influence of agriculture and to expose any contradictions between different maps of land-use. • to resolve any conflicts in land-use, highlighting through the use of maps and research findings, the negative influences of intensive agricultural use • using the results which arise, to identify the areas of Tihany unsuitable for agricultural use. The research methodology I selected combined a study of the conditions creating the landscape, primarily the soils, with a literature study of land-use and the digital processing of soil mapping and soil data collection. Materials and methods Prior to the assessment of the present status of soils, a reconstruction of the previous land status was required. This task was partly undertaken in the research literature review. In order to record data I used a 1:10 000 scale EOTR map as a base. According to maps and aerial photographs a network of soil sampling points was designed. In order to create this sampling network I used geological, géomorphologie, hydrological and soil maps for the area. The point-network provides a reference for the recordings made during fieldwork. In order to take soil samples from identified points a Pürckhauer-type soil auger was employed. Sampling points were selected according to the gridlines of soil maps. In order to identify soil types the gridlines of national genetic and soil geographical classifications were used. Altogether 335 soil samples were taken (comprising samples using the Piirckhauer auger, soil profiles and samples from ploughed sections. Laboratory analyses of the soil samples were carried out according to current standard practices. During field recordings the depth of soils and other soil qualities identifiable in the field (structure, texture, etc.) were primarily stated, whilst for the laboratory analyses the levels of soil sections, characteristics of ploughed sections (pH/KCl, lime content, KA, clay and sand content, organic matter content, A1-P 2 0 5 , A1-K 2 0, salts) were identified. In order to judge the hydrology of soils, the results of this study, field observations and the findings of previous researchers were used for soil classification. In order to orientate the sampling points GPS (global position system) equipment was used. The most important data for drafting new maps came from the soil samples, soil profiles and the results of laboratory analyses. Following the completion of the maps, the processing of data was undertaken using statistical methods. It was found that computerised data processing of maps was the most appropriate way to handle maps and data simultaneously. In order to undertake this work GIS (geographical information system) and its individual elements were employed. To process data and build up a spatial information database the PC ARCINFO programme package was used. For the data base I have used the results of 255 augured soil samples, the 17 recorded soil profiles and the date from 63 sample points.
