Barczi Attila: A Bakony természettudományi kutatásának eredményei 24. - A Tihanyi-félsziget talajai (Zirc, 2000)

SOILS OF THE TIHANY PENINSULA AND THEIR ROLE IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

Results • This study included a review of the scientific literature on the role of soils in evaluation of the land and for the selection of land for agricultural purposes. The Balaton-Riviéra locality and landscape and soil forming processes of the Tihany Peninsula were described. The history of mapping Tihany was also part of this study. The research analysed the history and problems of land use in order to contrast individual land-use methods. • During the process of mapping and soil sampling in the field the research included an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of the Pürckhauer-type auger, previously little known in Hungary. • A 1:10 000 genetic soil map of the Tihany Peninsula was completed as part of this research. It was found that the peninsula soil is on the border between a forest soil and a chernozem soil. On the basis of previous experience, supported by the data used for the map, a slow drying of the soils has been observed. • Through processing data on the soils sampled, methodological problems were revealed about the difficulty of defining identifiable soil types in the area. • ARCINFO space informational software was found to be a very effective tool for processing maps and utilising databases in a modern, easy to manage and improvable way. • Over the course of the study a relief map of Tihany was prepared and with the aid of programme packages it was possible to locate the different soils in space (3dimcntional soil maps). From the digital map a gradient category map was produced. • Having established a data set, statistical analysis was used to assess the homogeneity and qualities of soils'. The extreme effects occurring in the quality of soils were described using frequency diagrams. • The soil and erosion maps of the peninsula made in 1970 were reprocessed and compared with the soil map produced under this study and also with the soil sampling charts which described the depth of soil sections. The reason for changes in soil and erosion conditions were sought in this way. • The changes in soil and erosion conditions were compared to the natural conditions of the peninsula and also to the influence of human settlement on the land. I have identified factors which could influence agricultural land-use. By frequent sampling with an auger along the geological cross-section then by applying computer analysed data, the accuracy of the borders of soil blocks could by checked. To determine the frequency of sampling and to be accurate I designed the sampling according to a 1:10 000 scale, and took samples every 50 m. The GIS ARCINFO programmes are suitable for comparing soil maps even when the maps are prepared using different coordinate systems. Using this facility, two soil maps were prepared under this study using different coordinate systems. I found from experience that in future only basic (relief and auxiliary maps, e.g. geological) maps of the same scale and coordinate system should be used. I completed the new soil map of the Tihany Peninsula, for which I gathered an easily storable, and easily manageable and extendible map and data series. The homogeneity of soil blocks and the qualities of soils were statistically analysed. Through tests it was confirmed that individual qualities of particular soil blocks and types