Folia Theologica et Canonica 3. 25/17 (2014)
IUS CANONICUM - José Miguel Viejo-Ximénez, The Summa Quoniam in Omnibus revisited
154 JOSÉ MIGUEL VIEJO-XIMÉNEZ Today, I want to share with you a hypothesis on the writing of this early product of the Bolognese decretists: Quoniam in omnibus is a School work, a compendium assembled by an anonymous author in the mid-fifties of the twelfth century. The summa is a mosaic of teachings from the making of Gratian’s Decretum to the early circulation of its final version.3 I have been able to compare the 1890 edition with twelve complete manuscripts and three fragmentary ones (Appendix I). I have also analyzed the formal sources of the composition. As well as having found mistakes in both Schulte’s apparatus fontium and apparatus criticus, I was able to collect relevant information concerning the making, the author and the date of the SQO. I will illustrate these three issues by focusing on the prologue, on the authorship and on the most recent piece of the summa. 2. First, the prologue. Quoniam in omnibus’s prologue takes up the first three pages of Schulte's edition (Sch): ninety-one lines altogether (Sch 1.2 - 3.36). An analysis of this material shows that only the last three lines of text are original (Sch 3.34b-36). Although Schulte’s apparatus fontium does not help at all, one can group these lines by their origin, that is, by their models or formal sources. The result is a collage of six consecutive blocks, that henceforth will be named by their in- cipits. The words Quoniam in omnibus open the first five-line block (Sch 1.2 - 6a), that is inspired by Gaius and Pomponius.4 The next fourteen lines, Etenim sanctorum patrum (Sch 1.6b - 19), come from Inter ceteras theologiae disciplinas (ICTh), an introductory writing on Gratian related to Paucapalea’s School.5 3 Cf. ViEJO-XlMÉNEZ, J. M., La ‘Summa Quoniam in omnibus’ de Paucapalea: una contribución a la história del Derecho romano-canònico en la Edad Media, in Initium 16 (2011) 27-74 (= Folia Canonica et Theologica II [2013] 151-196). Viejo-Ximénez, J. M., Una composición sobre el Decreto de Gradano: la summa Quoniam in omnibus rebus animaduertitur atribuida a Paucapalea, in Helmantica 190 (2012) 419^173 (= Pena Gonzalez, M. A. [coord.], De la primera a la segunda 'Escuela de Salamanca’, Salamanca 2012. 197-251). Here the word ‘mosaic’ is used in the same way as in Loschiavo, L., Summa Codicis Berolinensis, Frankfurt am Main 1996. 71-84; and Sorice, R. (ed.), Distinctiones ‘Si mulier eadem hora' seu Monacensis (Monumenta Iuris Canonici AIA), Città del Vaticano 2002, prolegomena. 4 Cf. Dig. 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 pr; and Viejo-Ximénez, J. M., La ‘Summa’ (n. 3), 31. 5 Maassen, F., Paucapalea (n. 2), 57-58; a transcription of Inter ceteras theologiae - terminât tractatum suum from München, BSB, lat. 18467 (Mb). On Inter ceteras theologiae, see Kutt- ner, S., Repertorium (n. 2), 14 n. 1 and 127; ‘Die Vorrede ist mit der des Paucapalea eng verwandt und vermutlich (eher denn als Vorarbeit zu dieser) in Abhängigkeit von ihr geschrieben (was Maassen loc. cit. offen lässt).’ According to Vetulani, A., Le Décret de Graden et les premiers décrétistes à la lumière d’une source nouvelle, in SG 7 (1959) 275-353 (= Sur Gratien et les Décrétales, Aldershot 1990, n. VIII with Addenda et corrigenda, 17-19), at 288-293, ICTh was also used to compose the introduction of T’abrégé de Gdansk.’ On the relationship between SQO and ICTh see now Viejo-Ximénez, J. M., Dos escritos de la decretistitca boloitesa: Inter ceteras Theologie disciplinas y Quoniam in omnibus, in REDC 71 (2014) 271-291.
