Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 86. (Budapest 1994)

Bálint, Zs. ; Johnson, K.: Polyommatine lycaenids of the oreal biome in the Neotropics, part II: The Itylos section (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae)

Remarks - Sex Recognition: Only the male is known. The type specimen was incorporated to /. titicaca material of the BMNH, because dorsally it suggested a female of /. titicaca. According to the VHW pattern the two taxa can be immediately distinguished. Intraspecific Variation: Only the single type specimen is known. Phylogenetic Affinities and Placement: The taxon seems to be the sister species of /. titicaca (for additional details see below under Discussion). General Comments- The discovery of the taxon was a great surprise because the primary type specimen was selected as a female (!) specimen of /. titicaca for dissection at the BMNH. The species was described by BÁLINT (1993a: 13) with additional data on its morphology and phylogenetic connection given here. The existence of /. pnin emphasizes two points: (1) how little is known of some high Andean areas of Peru and their oreal polyommatine (s.l.) fauna; (2) that the existing material must be thoroughly studied because slight morphological differences (or misdiagnoses of gender) can hide unrecognized entities which structurally differ greatly from congeners. As noted by BÁLINT & JOHNSON (1993a) in the case of genus Pseudolucia and JOHNSON (1992b) in the case of many "elfin-like" Theclinae, this often leads to erroneous generalizations about species diversities and distributions. Type Material Examined - Holotype, male, labelled as follows: "Lima to Chosica, 2000' (A. M. Moss); Rothschild Bequest, B.M. 1939-1.; Holotypus, Itylos pnin, det. Zs. Bálint, XI. 1992., Budapest". Deposited in BMNH (drawer 29A-928). Slide: Brit. Mus. No. 19164. Etymology - "Pnin", a Russian emigre professor in the NABOKOV'S novel "Professor Pnin". Itylos fumosus (BALLETTO, 1993) Ityloides fumosus BALLETTO, 1993: 234. Itylos luzhin BÁLINT, 1993: 13., syn. n. Figures- wings: Figs 23-26; male genitalia: Figs 47-57; wing venation: Fig. 66. Diagnosis - Antennae below greyish brown with rufous club. FW shape extended with pointed apex; DFW and DHW ground dark blue with wide, suffused black margin; FW discoidal patch visible; veins black; fringes unicolorous dirty brown; VFW ground colour light brown with indistinct, hardly visible polyommatine markings; basal, costal, submarginal area and veins ash grey; VHW ground colour ash grey with indistinct ityloid pattern; submarginal area ligthcr. Male genitalia with strong, bulbous uncus and slender but claw-shaped gnathos; tegumen relatively small with long and narrow vinculum; no appendix angularis; juxta strong with pointed arms; valval shape with large Bayard's angulation at costa and very narrow but long, strongly dentated rostellum; valval anal part rounded; aedcagus with small sheathing. Female unknown. FW length of Holotype 8.0 mm; Paratypes: 8.0 and 8.5 mm (n=2). Distribution - Known only from the type locality: páramo above Corongo, Ancash, Peru (BÁLINT' 1993b: 1-2) (Fig. 33). Biology- The type series was collected at elevation 3600-4000 m in the dry season, November. Only the following polyommatine lycacnid was captured with the type specimens according to BÁLINT (1993a): Madeleinea koa (DRUCE, 1876). Larval foodplant and the nectar sources of the adults are unknown. Remarks - Sex Recognition: Only the male is known. Intraspecific Variation: Wing pattern variation involves the degree of expression in VW markings (Figs 24, 26). In genitalia uncus apex and gnathos base shows slight variation in size and development, as well as the dentation of the costal valva rostellum, which can be assymetrical on the valve (Figs 48, 51, 54). Phylogenetic Affinities and Placement: see below "Review of Ityloides". General Comments - The discovery of the taxon is again a great surprise underlining the high but very poorly known polyommatine diversity in the high Andes (cf. discovery