Matskási István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 80. (Budapest 1988)

Fóthi, E.: Some data on the anthropology of Avar period populations in Southern Transdanubia

presenting values typical for Mongoloids. Three females bore resemblance to Mongoloids (Graves 11, 43, SZ). Zygomaxillar angle (ZM) of male and female averages are characteristics for Europoids. I was not able to find a single individual value typical for Mongoloids. Intermediate values can be observed on male skulls 136 and 205 and on female skulls 11 and 50. Dacryal height (DS) average of both sexes is typical for Europoids. One male (Grave 142) and 3 females (Graves 50, 52, SZ.) possess values close to Mongoloids. Simotical height (SS) is characteristics for Europoids of both sexes according to the mean values. When analysing individual data, values approaching those of Mongoloids could be found on 2 male skulls (Graves 142, 205) and on 6 female skulls (Graves 43, 50, SZ., 124, 172, 222). Skull No. 50 presented a value expressly characteristic for Mongoloids. Dacryal index (ID) averages of both sexes are of Europoid character. In the analysis of individual data the index of the woman from Grave SZ. turned out to be clearly typical for Mongoloids. The indices of males No. 2 and 142 and those of the females No. 59, 119A, 145 and 172 are closer to those of the Mongoloids than to those of the Europoids. On the basis of ID, males No. 49, 57, 122 and female No. 50 are intermediate. Simotic index (IS): the male average is typical for Europoids. Though the average of females is also within the range of Europoid values, it can be declared intermediate. The index of male skull 205 is very close to the value characterizing Mongoloids while those of 97, 142 and 196 are intermediate. Female skulls No. 50 and 52 have lower indices than the Mongoloids' mean value published by TÓTH (1958) while skull SZ. approximates to that. Nasal protuberance angle (Martin 75/1). Its value is calculated as the difference of face's profile angle (Martin 72) and nasal back profile angle (Martin 75). The average of males is typical for Europoids while that of females reflects an intermediate Europo-Mongoloid character. I also measured values approaching the Mongoloids' mean value (Graves 44, 45, 100, 113, 142, 205). The value of the man from Grave 205 is the lowest (20). The female skulls No. 6, 14, 50, 124, 172 have values that are closer to the Mongoloid average than to the Europoid one. Incisura maxillo-malare index (IMMS : IMMC) supplies important supplementary information to the data of facial flatness analysis (LEVIN 1960, after TÓTH 1962). Europoids can be characterized by a deeper and shorter maxillo-malare while Mongoloids by a shallower and longer one. The males' index mean value agrees with Levin's value for Europoids. That of females is somewhat lower but it is closer to that of Europoids than to that of Mongoloids. Mongoloid influence can be seen on male skulls No. 2, 116, 126, 156, 205 and on female skulls No. 20A, SZ., 124, 222 according to the index. Malar arch index (S : C) is not a primary taxonomical characteristics in itself but it is suitable for refining the morphological picture obtained by facial flatness data analysis TÓTH (1968). I found Mongoloid characteristics on male skulls No. 102, 108, 136, 140, 142, 205 and on female skulls No. 11, 222. Both the male and the female groups can be considered Europoid in their entity. Fossa canina depth examinations' results are also unsuitable to establish primary diagnosis of taxa because of the great intra- and interracial variability of fossa canina but these results can usefully supplement the image formed on individuals and on the population as a whole (TÓTH 1967, 1970). On the basis of mean values the fossa canina is of medium depth with both sexes with a very large interval of measurements. The lowest value for men is 1 mm while the highest is 9.5 mm. Women have values spread between 2-8 mm. Bizygomatic width (Martin 45) values indicate that medium fcdde zygomatic arch was characteristics for the men and the majority of women had narrow cheek-bones. According to some earlier views large width of the zygomatic arch is a proof of Mongoloid character. According to the analysis of TÓTH (1967) it cannot indicate Mongoloid influence in itself. The facial flatness index (IC) value for the cemetery of Fészerlak is -4.14 ±4. It is a clear-cut proof for a Europoid population being buried in this cemetery in the 8th century. Analysing the taxonomic characteristics one by one, we can state that mean values of both sexes remained within the range characteristics for Europoids. However, the metric average of females differred to a greater extent from the Europoid mean values than those of males because of a rather restricted Mongoloid influence. Mongoloid influence could be found only in a few cases and to a small degree in males (Graves 122, 142, 205). The finding of Graves 50, 52. SZ., 119A, 222 presented some slight Mongoloid influence in the case of a few measurements (3 or 4) in the female series. II. Toponár Twenty-four male and 23 female skulls were taken into examination. Individual data are given in Tables 4 and 5 and parameters of facial flatness measurements, indices and angles can be found in Table 6.