Cseri Miklós, Füzes Endre (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 20. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2007)

GAZDA KLÁRA: Nemzetiségi település a moldvai magyaroknál

Bucureçti 1965 Contributii la studiul satelor devàlmase românesti. Procesul de aservire feudalà a satelor devàlmase. Vol. III. Editura Academiei Republicii Populäre Romane. Bucuresti 2003 Istorie socialà a satului românesc. culegere de texte. Selectia si îngrijirea textelor: Viorica Nicolau. Bucureçti Paideia SZABÓ István 1969 A középkori magyar falu. Budapest SZÁDECZKI KARDOSS Lajos 1993 A székely nemzet története és alkotmánya. Budapest SZOPÓS ANDRÁS 2004 Csíkszentimre helynevei 1602-2000. Magyar Névtani Dolgozatok 193. Nyíregyháza TÁNCZOS Vilmos 2002 Hányan vannak a moldvai csángók? Moldvai Magyarság. XII. évf. 3. (130. sz.), március 14. TIMON, Sámuel é.n. Additamentum ad imagines antique et novae Hungáriáé 1754. Viena Topografische general Beschreibung der im Jahre 1788 und 1789 von der Römisch Kaiserl. Königlichen Armee im Besitz genommene fünf moldauischer Bezirken I-II. Wien Kriegsarhiv TUFESCU, Victor 1934 Räspandirea satelor de räzesi: contributiuni la studiul populärii Moldovei. Tiparul moldovenesc, Chiçinàu VUIA, Romulus 1975 Satui românesc din Transilvania si Bánat. In: Studii de Etnografíe sj Folclor I. Bucuresti Klára Gazda CLAN SETTLEMENT AT THE HUNGARIANS OF MOLDVA The paper tries to find an answer for an interesting question. What kind of historic-legal and economic conditions led to the existence of clan settlements and how it is related to ethnic factors and Hungarian patterns, originating from Transylvania. This settlement pattern appears in all dialectal groups of Csángó population in Moldva, both in the older, closer types and in the open settlements too. However, it is a rare phenomenon in the 20th century, officially settled villages, which have small fields. The inhabitants of villages with a free peasant status possessed the inner parts and the outskirts independent from their ethnic status, divided on the basis of the clan descent. According to Henri H. STAHL this phenomenon is new: to find ancestors was only important after the free seizure, when the final division of the outskirts took place; moreover the cutting up of dwelling place also occurred right after this. In the old feudal Romanian villages such processes were never present; however, the inhabitants of free peasant villages, sinking into serf-status preserved it in return for paying the tithe. The foreign (among them, Hungarian) inhabitants of the newly settled villages were not in need of land, which could be used without hindrance besides having a tax allowance. Therefore, the conditions for a clan settlements were already given, as in the case of salt miners, viniculturists and wine merchants and border guards (Csángó Hungarian), all of whom enjoyed privileges due to their profession. The last part of the paper exemplifies the practice of creating a general and more sporadic clan settlement by previous Csángó villages, the swarming of the latter and their serf descendants; and the total lack of this form in certain systems. The presentation is written in the form of case studies based on field work, carried out in Csángó villages and different other sources, among them the analysis of place and personal names. The clan settlement goes back to the clan system in the previous Transylvanian colonies of Csángó people, in the case of Hungarian nobles and among the Székely population having a middle-noble status. If the statement by Henri H. STAHL is true for the Romanians, then this model is a later take over in our case. However, independent from the originality and age of the model, the realisation in Moldva was inferred by social and economic conditions in the case of both ethnic groups.