J. Antall szerk.: Medical history in Hungary 1972. Presented to the XXIII. International Congress of the History of Medicine / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 6. (Budapest, 1972)
M. Vida: State-Models (Utopias) and Sociology of Medicine
28 Medical History in Hungary 1972 (Comm. Hist. Artis Med. Suppl. 6.) Physiologist has the most important role among scientists, therefore he dedicated them the memories written about science dealing with the human being. 5 5 "You are those all of scholars —he wrote —from whom I can get the most useful opinions and with whom I am able to unit my creative power for the sake of improving human destiny," 5 6 To organize the universal society of European people and to improve human destiny only a scientific revolution would offer a possibility. First and foremost science dealing wiht human being "shall be built up on physiological knowledge initiated into public education and people having been brought up on the breast of science, in their adult age will elaborate political questions with the same method to those used in different fields of physics for studying phenomenons belonging to relating sphere." 5 7 Man can fully be known by scientific employment of physiology. In his dissertation written on the subject of science dealing with human being, he stated that in interest of development of sciences Vicq-d'Azyr, Cabanis, Bichat and Condorcet made the most important joint steps. Out of them he emphasized anatomy and fully examined the plan of Vicq-d'Azyr's pathological and physiological activity. It would be the duty of philosophers of the age —he quoted the brain anatomist —to taste this branch of sciences, because comparative anatomy leads nearest to learn physiological phenomenons. 5 8 The base of philosophy are astrology and physiology, because these help to study the "small" and "large" globe —as Saint-Simon has it. Astrology means the scientific cognition of universe; physiology is the examination of universe in small extent, because above all the physiological idea of human understanding is if we regard human brain like a small machine, which gradually fulfils whatever happens in the universe. 5 9 The physiologist deals with phenomenons proceeding positively in organic bodies. When he stated the task of internal diagnostics, he also committed to the charge of physiologist, that the physiologist's duty is to find out what the patient feels today and in what condition he will be tomorrow. 6 0 Furthermore the only aim of society is the best utilization of knowledge piled up by science for the fulfilment of human needs. The natural philosophical idea of the turn of the century did not break away from the abstract metaphysical view. Saint-Simon wrote in 1802; ".. .physiologists have to dismiss philosophers and moralists from their circles, like astronomy and chemistry , which 5 5 Saint-Simon, C. H. : Mémoire sur la science de l'homme. Paris. 1859. Enrantin. The study was written in 1813. 5 6 Saint-Simon Selected Writings op. cit. Memoirs in the subject of science dealing with human being. Letters to philosophers. 158 p. 5 7 Saint-Simon op. cit. 160 p. 5 8 Saint-Simon op. cit. 89 p. 5 9 Saint-Simon op. cit. The history of my life. 38 p. — The original title of the work consisting of four fragments: Histoire de ma vie. Written in 1808, 1809, 1812. Translation on the basis of Dentu publication, in 1868. 6 0 Saint-Simon op. cit. The Letters of a Genevan to his contemporaries. 63 p. — Original data and title of publication: Lettres d'un habitant de Géneve á ses contemporains. 1802. The author's first work.
