J. Antall szerk.: Medical history in Hungary 1972. Presented to the XXIII. International Congress of the History of Medicine / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 6. (Budapest, 1972)
M. Vida: State-Models (Utopias) and Sociology of Medicine
M. Vida : State-Mo dels (Utopias) . 29 got rid of astrologers and alchemists." Philosophy has its legality for existing until it points out correlation between physiology and psychology. It is an early trial of philosophy, etics and metaphysics to systhematize observed facts in general order, because order has not been completed in physiology yet. 61 He outlined the structure of the industrial order directed by science in "The Organizer". 62 ¡ a Among the chambers constructed in the project the first is the "Divice Chamber" which would annualy prepare a programme of common works. Its members: 50 engineers, 50 writers, 25 painters, 15 sculptors or architects and 10 musicians. Among the 300 members of the "Examining Chamber" would take place 100 physiologists, 100 mathematicians and 100 physicists. Their task is the most important because they control the above mentioned members and direct public education. Finally, the members of the "Executive Chamber " are the leaders of each industrial branch, this corresponds to the old House of Parliament. Saint-Simon regarded the base of the scientific revolution propagated by him in the comprehensive public education, which is due to satisfy the technical and work organization needs of the "industrial order" at an up-to-date scientific level to the advanced stage —the emphasis is on attainment of the natural scientific subjects. He separates artists, scientists and manufacturers according to qualities innate with men, i.e. symphathy, rationalist capacity and practical materialist activity. The main desire of Saint-Simon's life, creation of a philosophical and scientific team, was formed only after his death in the movement of Saint-Simon's school. Among his co-workers were also independent minds — Augustin Tĥerry, Auguste Comte —. On the contrary of Fourier and Owen, his influence remained only theoretical (Bazard, Rodrigues, Enfantin). The other representative of the French Utopian socialism, Charles Fourier (1772—1837) was deeply separated from his contemporaries, as he was not stimulated by the encyclopaedists, but by Rousseau. While Saint-Simon dreamt of an absolute power of scientists and industrialists, Fourier thought that freedom would produce the forthcoming society. Saint-Simon wished to continue the work of philosophers and approved of revolution destroying all what had to disappeare; Fourier wanted to commit the writings of philosophers to the flames and regarded revolution as defeat of progress. To his aversion for revolution also personal experiences contributed significantly, because as a result of speculative craze in 1793, he lost his inheritance of 40 000 livres and he had almost been executed. Nevertheless, Fourier was a practical man. He was the first, who not only created a state form held ideal theoretically, but wanted to realize it by all means. Already in his first work, in 1800, he introduced Newton's gravitation theory to mind and spirit. The dinamic force of social progress and the base of true harmony on which he built up 6 1 Saint-Simon op. cit. in 00th annotation. 04 p. €2 ;« Saint-Simon, C. H. : L'Organizateur. 1819-1820.
