Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 77. (Budapest, 1976)

TANULMÁNYOK - Kapronczay Károly: A lengyel menekültügy orvosi ellátása és szervezete Magyarországon a második világháború alatt, 1939—1945 (angol nyelven)

The German invasion of Hungary (March 1944) brought about a complete change in the situation of the Polish refugees. The Hungarian Ministry of the Interior officially ceased supporting them, and all civilian and military camps were placed under the supervision of the Ministry of Defence. The Polish emigration found itself in a dangerous situation both politically and materially. The German authorities immediately banned all Polish organizations, arrested the leaders of the Polish Civilian Committee, and instructed the Ministry of Defence to ban the free movement of the Polish doctors. Now the International Red Cross undertook looking after the interests of the Polish refugees in Hungary after Zbigniew Borówko asked for its legal protection. Its Budapest representative, Friedrich Born, set up a Polish subdivision within its Budapest Agency, which took over all the tasks of the Polish Civilian Committee, the Hungarian Agency of the Polish Red Cross, and the Polish Physicians' Group. The subdivision was under the protection of the International Red Cross, but it maintaned secret connections with the Polish Government in London. Its first task was to ensure the food supply of the Polish camps. Health affairs belonged to Colonel Chelmicki and head physician Stanislaw Wawrzyniak, but their results naturally fell far behind the work of the Polish Physicians' Group. Contact between the Polish camps was cut, and even the most essential medical treatment became hard to obtain. From April 1944 the International Red Cross distributed about 250,000 pengő aid among the refugees, which was enugh only to ensure their subsistence. Despite its efforts the International Red Cross was unable to protect the refugees against the German troops and later from the detachments of the Hungarian Arrow-Cross movement. New admissions to the Polish Hospital in Győr were forbidden, and by autumn 1944 the hospital came to face a serious shortage in medicines and dressing material. With the advent of the rule of the ArrowCross Party the disbanding of the Győr Hospital was started despite to protests of the International Red Cross. The Polish emigration in Hungary —including its health affairs —from a special chapter in the history of World War II in Hungary, and it is an organic part of the Polish resistance. From a Polish point of view the health organization of the refugees was as unique as the school system of the emigration: within the power-sphere of Germany it was only in Hungary that the Poles possessed an independent and Polishled medical and hospital network. Ö s s z e f o g I a l á s A közelmúlt magyar és lengyel történelmének nem lényegtelen fejezete a hazánkba menekült lengyelek sorsának alakulása a második világháború idején, amely szerves része volt nemcsak a két nép hagyományos barátságának, hanem a hitleri Németországgal szemben kibontakozó ellenállásnak is. A második világháború kitörésekor a Teleki-kormány éppen a lengyel—magyar barátságra való hivatkozással tagadta meg a német csapatok magyar területen történő átvonulását Lengyelország ellen. Lengyelország összeomlása után a lengyel emigránsok és katonai egységek két államba menekültek. Romániában — német kívánságra — azonnal internálták őket, és nem került sor az 1929-ben megkötött lengyel—román katonai és politikai szerződés gyakorlati alkalmazására. Hazánkban Teleki Pál tudtával és ösztönzésére