Lázár Vilmos szerk.: Termelőszövetkezettörténeti tanulmányok 1. (Mezőgazdaságtörténeti tanulmányok 6. Magyar Mezőgazdasági Múzeum, Budapest, 1972)

Összefoglaló (angolul)

and thus a characteristic feature of members without qualification. The proprietory attitude of unskilled laboures is less strong. Through the young, qualified labour force entering the cooperative farm an increase in the ratio of members with worker's attitude can be expected. 6. The role of a skilled, qualified labour force is significant. This is manifested by the fact that most propounders, contributors to discussions emerge from them. Their claim to intervence in the affairs and management of the Cooperative is intensive: they mostly are men and belong to the younger generation. Large-scale development is efficiently promoted not only by their professional knowledge and activity, but through their manifestation creating a demand as well. Their work morale, however, is not firmer than that of the unskilled workers. 7. The extent of participation in the collective work, the size of income are influenced by the position occupied and by the qualification. 8. The acceleration of the large-scale development process demands that less qualified members with a proprietory attitude, mostly of peasant descent, working in the traditional branches should harmoniously collaborate with the younger, higher qualified members entering the Cooperative Farm and tending to declare themselves workers. Where the management recognizes this and realizes the initiatives of the latter group and their participation in making important decisions, there the fundamental sociological conditions of a large-scale development will be created. The study of dr. László SZÊNAY deals with the "ŰJ ÉLET" (New Life) Cooperative Farm at Tiszakarád established in 1957. In the first years the Cooperative Farm had to overcome many difficulties. Owing to the failure of the cooperative group dissolved in 1956 the best farmers, kept off cooperation. The economic problems of the Cooperative Farm established on an area of 450 hectares were similarly very heavy. The quality of soils was poor. The low supply of implements was shown by their having started the work with only three pairs of horse-team and two hot bulb tractors. They set the creation of the fundamental conditions of production as their main task, but had not their own financial resources. They recurred only very moderately to the use of the offered State credits, because in this region the peasantry was always afraid of running into debts. They resorted only to State subvention which had not to be repaid and to the relatively cheap mechanical services of the State Machine-Station. The result of State assistance and collective work was that the subsistence of members was ensured already by the end of the first year. In subsequent years the Cooperative Farm was strengthened by the increased activity of the membership. Until 1960 the quantity of work per 1 hectare was almost tripled, the share per member doubled: the area of the Farm