Technikatörténeti szemle 11. (1979)
TANULMÁNYOK - Dóka Klára: A Rába szabályozása, 1762-1895
59 OL K 198. 1896. 1. tétel 60 OL C 128. Rába, 1833. Keczkés Károly jelentése S 81. Rába, 1861. Kleinrath József felmérése. 61 A magyar állam jelentékenyebb folyóiban észlelt vízállások XI. k. Bp. 1896. Vízrajzi Évkönyvek XIII. k. Bp. 1905. 92 Sümegi Mihály: Magyarországi folyók mértékadó árvízszintje megállapításának hidrográfiai alapjai. Rába. Győr, 1973. kézirat. 55. Országos Vízügyi Levéltár, Tőry Kálmán iratai. 69 Károlyi Zoltán: A Kisalföld vizeinek földrajza. Földrajzi Közlemények, 1962. 2. sz. 166. 9'* Zawadowszki, i. m. I. 197. 95 Károlyi, i. m. 171. KLÁRA DÓKA: THE REGULATION OF THE RIVER RÁBA BETWEEN 1762 AND 1895 This essay deals with the problem of regulation of river Rába in the time interval starting from 1762, when the first plan for general regulation of the river was made, till 1895, the termination of the work in effect. River Rába is one of the most important tributaries of the Danube. Her capricious turns of water conditions gave rise to many difficulties in the past and present as well. The local inhabitants did a lot to curb Rába, the final regulation, however, happened only towards the end of the eighties in the XIXth century. This river could not be navigated so that the state did not provide financial support of the regulation work. Salvaging of the comparatively small area cost immense amounts of money, however. Before curbing of Rába took place the Rába-country was composed of marshy and dry lands. On pieces of land that were valuable from the agricultural viewpoint intense cultivation was underway', this was, however, always under threat of flooding. Local people tried to protect themselves by erecting primitive defense works. These were called ,,eszetro”s and were made from earth, brush-wood and stakes, and were erected almost along the full length of the river already at the end of the XVIIIth century. The state joined these efforts already at the end of the XVIIth century. The Parliament discussed the matter of Rába river several times. The first plan for regulation was made in 176? and became known under the designation „Res Arrabonis”. The second plan was prepared in 1771 by Sámuel Krieger, engineer of the Council of Governors. This plan was accepted in 1786 by the reorganized Shipping Directorate and this body supplemented the plan by its own opinion. In 1808 János Perényi Royal Commissioner was delegated to lead the work of regulation. This time the most important cleaning works of the river shore and bed were carried out, and the first through-cuts were made as well. A regulation plan was made in 1815 by Dániel öry. He had already ideas about river-bed control and cutting through the bends of the flow in the course of regulation. The fundamental precondition of such a river control was the preparation of a hydrographic map of Rába, and that the data relating to water-yield, water-speed and water-level become known. The surveying work was completed between 1823 and 1829 by the county engineers, while in 1833 Károly Keczkés carried out the control of these data and provided the first hydrographic description of the river. The work of Keczkés turned out to be the basis for the regulation actually carried out in the second half of the XIXth century. Following the Revolution in 1848 and due to the acceleration of agricultural development flood-control and prevention, the protection of the threatened areas played an important role. Yorks had started first in the valley of Marcal. In 1864 the Society for Controlling Marcal was formed which contributed to the local activity greatly, but at the same time meant a separation of interests in rivers Rába and Marcal. In the year 1870 János Ujházy made a new regulation plan. This was later modified by Ernő Meiszner who finished his work by 1878. While the Society for Controlling Rába was formed in 1873 it could not produce anything except the preparation of the plan. The Ministry of Internal Affairs delegated István Szapáry in 1879 as Royal Corn100
