Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 107. kötet (2010-2011)
Tanulmányok - Honti László: Personae ingratissimae? A 2. személyek jelölése az uráliban (Personae ingratissimae? The marking of second person in Uralic) 7
8 HoNTi László With respect to Uralic personal pronouns it is an additional phonological problem that the Saami, the Mordvin, the Votyak and teh Samoyedic data point to singular pronouns including a velar vowel (sg. 1. *mun, sg. 2. *tun, sg. 3. *sun), while the other languages point to a form with a palatal vowel. There have been attempts to reconstruct both palatal and velar pronouns for the proto-language. By contrast, the present study argues for the following alternative explanation for the appearance of the velar pronouns. The change probably began with the 3(Sg) form. The minimal form of the singular pronouns was probably 1. *mi, 2. *ti, 3. *se, which were augmented with -n in the case-marked forms. Teh third person pronoun clearly originated in a demonstrative pronoun and so its vowel was not identical to that of the first two persons. (It appears that there were many demonstrative pronouns in Proto-Uralic, maybe even more in Pre-Uralic.) Next to *se there may have been a demonstrative pronoun *so (cf. *tä ’this’ ~ *to ’that’), and it was possible for this latter to be used as a third person pronoun and then, with the addition of the pronominal dual marker *-n it was exapted as a dual third person pronoun. This may have induced the change *e > *o in the earlier dual pronouns *men (first person) and *ten (second person), leading to *mon, *ton. This change was supported by the existence of a demonstrative pronoun of the form *to with the same initial consonant as the second person pronoun. Since the vowel of these pronouns was velar, the vowels in the suffixes also had to be velar. When in some Finno-Permic languages the dual series was lost through merger with the singular series, phonological contamination took place between the two, cf. Fi minä and minu- T, sinä and sinu- ’you’; in Saami and the Samoyedic languages phonological levelling took place while the functions of the singular and the dual series were preserved. In Fennie the contamination of the palatal singular forms with the velar dual forms does not contravene vowel harmony since i and e are not necessarily harmonic vowels. In conclusion it is pointed out that - as has been noted in the literature previously - personal pronouns in Uralic, Indo-European and Altaic sometimes present correspondences that are problematic for historical and comparative linguistics. keywords; pronouns, bound person markers, assimilation, historical phonology, Vogul, Ostyák, Zyryen, Votyak, Mordvin, Samoyedic, Proto-Uralic kulcsszavak: névmások, személyjelölő kötött morfémák, asszimiláció, hangtörténet; vogul, osztják, zűrjén, votják, mordvin, szamojéd, uráli alapnyelv 0. Bevezető A névmások sok gondot okozhatnak a szakembereknek, amikor történetükkel és rokonságukkal foglalkoznak. Ha az Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch ilyen szócikkeit tanulmányozzuk, kiderül, hogy némelyek hangalakját, alaktanát illetően
