1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

The higher educated married women by age groups and the number of live births 0 1 2 •3 4 -X Number of Age group Total 0 1 4 -X live births (year) live births per 100 women percentage per 100 women 20-24 100. 0 62. 0 34. 2 3.7 0. 1 42 25-29 100. 0 30. 5 48. 0 19. 0 2. 1 0. 4 94 30-34 100. 0 19. 3 38. 2 34.4 6. 6 1.5 135 35-39 100. 0 18. 8 28. 3 34. 6 13. 0 5. 3 160 40-49 100. 0 21. 6 23. 1 30. 9 15. 2 9. 2 174 50-X 100. 0 33. 3 24.7 24. 0 11.0 7.0 138 Total 100. 0 27. 1 35. 0 26.3 7. 9 3.7 128 1980 20-24 100. 0 54. 2 38. 6 7.0 0. 2 0. 0 53 25-29 100. 0 23. 5 44. 0 30. 1 2.2 0. 2 112 30-34 100. 0 10. 6 28. 9 52. 2 7. 5 0.8 159 35-39 100. 0 9. 6 27.4 52. 5 9. 0 1.5 166 40-49 100. 0 12. 0 34. 5 43.7 7.8 2.0 155 50-X 100. 0 19. 7 29. 0 35.2 11.1 5. 0 156 Total 100. 0 19. 2 34. 3 39.1 6. 1 1.3 137 a) Without those women who obtained final certificate. Hardly more than one third of the higher educated speak other language than their mother tongue. In this field women lag only slightly behind the men. Hardly more than one fourth of the higher educated are able to make themselves understood in one foreign language, more than one tenth are able to make themselves understood in two or more foreign languages. Among the foreign languages German is at the first place in both sexes. 23 percent of the men and 18 percent of the women speak German. English is at the second place in the case of men (13 percent), the rate of Russian is similar for women. Greater proportion of the women speak Russian than of the men (11 percent). The knowledge of foreign languages shows reverse proportion with age. About two thirds of the oldest higher educated speak some foreign language. This rate is only about one third for the young. The proportion of active earners is decreasing continuously among the higher educated since 1960. The reason for this is first of all the high rise in the proportion of inactive earners, especially those who take the advantage of child-care-allowance. At the time of the 1980 census 85 percent of the higher educated were economically active, this means that 412 thousand higher educated worked in some field of the national economy. In the 15 percent rest there were 7 0 thousand inactives and three thousand dependants. Besides the decrease in the proportion of active earners and besides the increase in the proportion of those women who take the advantage of child-car-allowance, the proportion of pensioners only slightly increased, in fact in the case of women the proportion of pensioners decreased from 9 to 7 percent during the past ten years, this is due to the shrinking proportion of those who graduated in higher education before the war. Parallel with the increase in the number and rate of those on child-care-allowance decreased the proportion of dependant women. Supposedly the possibility of child-care-allowance provides favourable solution for those who earlier would have stayed home with their children. The frequency of staying on child-care-allowance shows reverse tendency with the rise in educational level. 5 percent of the female university graduates took the advantage of child-care-allowance and 13 percent of those in the other higher educated category. Ten years earlier these proportions showed similar relation. 85