1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

The higher educated by economic activity and sex Year Total Active earner Inactive earner Dependant Year Total Active earner total child-careallowance Dependant 1960 176 141 156 752 16 027 3 542 1970 300 558 261 783 35 527 3 888 3 248 1980 484 846 412 219 69 612 15 830 3 015 Men 1960 136 010 122 307 12 764 _ 939 1970 206 897 182 820 23 090 987 1980 291 033 250 690 39 386 957 Women 1960 40 131 34 265 3 263 2 603 1970 93 661 78 963 12 437 3 888 2 261 1980 193 813 161 529 30 226 15 830 2 058 Percentage 1960 100. 0 88. 9 9.1 2. 0 1970 100. 0 87. 1 11.8 1.3 1. 1 1980 100. 0 85. 0 14.4 3. 3 0. 6 Men 1960 100. 0 89. 9 9.4 _ 0. 7 1970 100. 0 88.4 11.1 0. 5 1980 100. 0 86. 2 13. 5 0. 3 Women 1960 100. 0 85.4 8. 1 6. 5 1970 100. 0 84. 3 13. 3 4.2 2.4 1980 100. 0 83. 3 15.6 8. 2 1.1 The change in the composition by economic activity depends first of all on the age distribution. The extent of the decrease in the proportion of the active earners was different by age groups, the decisive part of the decrease was due, besides child-care-allowance, to the fall in the proportion of those who remained active beyond the working age. If we take into consideration that child-care-allowance means only temporary inactiveness, then we can see that the proportion of active earners decreased only in the case of men, in the case of women - if child-care-allowance is accounted for there was a considerable increase in the proportion of active earners. The number of active higher educated working in different branches of the national economy rose by 150 thousand (57 percent) in the past ten years. This growth is higher in proportion and lower in number than the growth 10 years earlier, till 197 0 the number of active higher educated rose by 105 thousand which meant 67 percent rise in their proportion. The growth was different in the various branches. In the past decade due to the restructuring of the economy the growth in the material branches was less than before. The growth in the number of active higher educated - as well for all active earners in general - was concentrated to the nonmaterial branches. Now the distribution by branches is most homogeneous in the case of the higher educated in health. More than 80 percent of them belong to the corresponding branch, and another 11 percent just because of differencies in classification - work as chemist in the trade branch. Ten years earlier the position of higher educated in pedagogy, science and general education was similar, 81 percent of them worked in the corresponding branch contrary to the 7 5 percent of today. Many of them - similarly to the technical and agricultural higher educated - were employed in the administration and also in the industry. Half of the active agricultural higher educated work in the branch agriculture and forestry, their proportion rose from 46 percent to 50 percent during the past 10 years. Half of the higher educated in law - coming from the nature of their qualification - work in the administration and service branches, most of them in the institutions of law and services. 86