1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

From the end of the forties there was a great expansion in the training of higher educated people. So in the fifties the number of higher educated rose by 70 thousand, and in the next decade by almost 140 thousand. Their proportion in the 25 years old and older population rose from 1. 9 percent to 4. 3 percent between 1949 and 1970. The growth in their number was more considerable between 1970 and 1980 than in any other earlier decade. The extent of the growth was much stronger in the case of women than of men. While the number of higher educated men grew fourfold, the number of higher educated women grew thirtyfive-fold. If one looks at the growth decade by decade, one can see that in the ten years periods before the Second World Vfe.r the growth in the number of higher educated women was 30-50 percent, but after the liberation the growth was more than twofold in every decade. The growth of the number of higher educated men was more balanced, the only exception was the period of the Second World Vfa.r when their number slightly decreased. As a result of these changes today 40 percent of the higher educated are women, while this proportion was less than 8 percent in the twenties. The higher educated by sex Total Men Women Year Total Men Women Total Men Women percentage 1920 73 472 67 919 5 553 100. 0 92.4 7. 6 1930 84 774 76 455 8 319 100. 0 90. 2 9. 8 1941 102 843 90 147 12 696 100. 0 87.7 12. 3 1949 107 2 58 90 058 17 200 100. 0 84.0 16. 0 1960 176 141 136 010 40 131 100. 0 77. 2 to to CO 197 0 300 558 206 897 93 661 100. 0 68. 8 31. 2 1980 484 846 291 033 193 813 100. 0 60. 0 40.0 Year In percentage of the 1920 census In percentage of the last census Year Total Men Women Total Men Women 1920 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1930 115.4 112. 6 149. 8 115.4 112.6 149. 8 1941 140. 0 132. 7 228. 6 121.3 117. 9 152. 6 1949 146. 0 132. 6 309. 7 104. 3 99. 9 135. 5 1960 239.7 200. 3 722.7 164.2 151.0 233.3 1970 409. 1 304. 6 1686.7 170. 6 152. 1 233.4 1980 659. 9 428. 5 3490.2 161.3 140.7 206. 9 The composition of the higher educated in the period between the two World Wars reflects the thin economic-technical level and the needs of the expanded administrative tasks. So this period is characterized by the high proportion of lawmen and the low proportion of engineers, agriculturists and economists. After the liberation the increased development of the industry and expansion of the compulsory term of education meant growing need for experts first of all on these fields. The development of the institutions serving the expansion of the training and the modifications of these institutions from time to time did not always correspond to the long term needs. The university training has kept its leading role up till now in almost every field, although its proportion is gradually decreasing, the role of other higher education is greater today than earlier in every field. In the past decade the proportion of university graduates decreased from 60 percent to 52 percent, at the same time the proportion of other higher education graduates increased from 26 percent to 38 percent. Because of the great expansion of the training there is an increase in the number of trainees in all fields. The tendencies are similar for both men and women. As a result of the alteration of the structure of the training there was a change in the composition of the graduates by the nature of qualification. Between the two World Wfors the proportion of the lawmen was the highest, at the time of the 1941 census their proportion was one third. At the second place were the teachers and the physicians. The proportions of engineers and agriculturists were only 13 percent and 8 percent respectively, the proportion of the economists was almost negligible 4 percent. 81