1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

The higher educated by the nature of qualification and sex percentage) Nature Total Men Women Total Men Women 1970 Manufacture 100. 0 88. 5 11.5 16. 7 21. 5 6. 1 Construction 100. 0 87. 1 12. 9 4.2 5. 2 1.7 Agricultural 100. 0 86. 5 13. 5 11.1 14. 0 4. 8 Transportation, communication 100. 0 92. 8 7. 2 0. 8 1.0 0. 2 Trade 100. 0 65. 8 34.2 1.0 0. 9 1. 1 Water supplies 100. 0 84. 2 15. 8 0. 3 0. 4 0. 2 Urban economy 100. 0 64. 1 35. 9 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 Surface measuring 100. 0 85. 1 14. 9 0.4 0. 5 0. 2 Health 100. 0 62. 4 37. 6 9. 7 8. 8 11.7 Pedagogy science 100. 0 42. 6 57.4 32. 6 20. 2 60. 0 Arts 100. 0 57. 7 42.3 2. 6 2. 2 3. 6 Law, administration 100. 0 89. 9 10. 1 9. 7 12. 7 3. 1 Economics 100. 0 67. 3 32. 7 6. 4 6. 3 6. 7 Other 100. 0 95. 9 4.1 4. 5 6. 3 0. 6 Total 100. 0 68.8 31.2 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1980 Manufacture 100. 0 81. 7 18. 3 18. 0 24. 6 8. 3 Construction 100. 0 78. 8 21. 2 4. 7 6. 1 2. 5 Agricultural 100. 0 82. 9 17. 1 9. 1 12. 6 3. 9 Transportation, communication 100. 0 83. 5 16. 5 1. 1 1.6 0. 5 Trade 100. 0 49. 6 50. 4 1. 1 0. 9 1.3 Water supplies 100. 0 79. 1 20. 9 0. 6 0. 8 0. 3 Urban economy 100. 0 54. 4 45. 6 0.1 0. 1 0. 1 Surface measuring 100. 0 79. 6 20.4 0. 4 0. 5 0. 2 Health 100. 0 52. 3 47. 7 8. 6 7. 5 10. 2 Pedagogy, science 100. 0 37. 6 62. 4 36. 6 22. 9 57. 1 Arts 100. 0 59. 1 40. 9 1.8 1.8 1.8 Law, administration 100. 0 79. 5 20. 5 6. 5 8. 6 3. 3 Economics 100. 0 51. 0 49. 0 8. 0 6. 8 9. 8 Other 100. 0 92. 5 7. 5 3.4 5. 2 0. 7 Total 100. 0 60. 0 40. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Up till now the composition has changed fundamentally. After the liberation the proportion of technical training was growing. Besides the growing need for functions like, physician, teacher, economist had to be satisfied. As a result of this the training of lawmen was gradually decreasing their leading positions were given over those with teacher, science and technical degrees. The proportion of the former among the higher educated is 37 percent today, but the proportion of those with technical degree is one fourth of the higher educated. Since 1960 according to the growing needs of the economy's progress, there was a considerable increase in the rate of the economists, now it is 8 percent. The proportion of the physicians is almost the same, but despite the gradual increase in their number their proportion was constantly decreasing during this period. In the sixties there was a slight increase in the proportion of the agriculturists, but in the following decade their proportion fell back to the earlier level. The change of the training structure had considerable effect on the composition of the higher educated by sex. In the period after the liberation more and more women graduated in higher education, so the male-female proportion was gradually equalizing. As a result of this trend today the feminization of fields like pedagogy, trading and economics cause problems. Today there is traditional male excess among the technical, agricultural, law, arts and other like church, military higher educated. In the thirties three fourths of the few higher educated women were teachers and 17 percent were physicians. Today the former is 57 percent and the later is 10 percent. The greatest inflow of women directed into the economist and law occupations. Among the higher educated men the technical higher educated constitute the largest group (34 percent). In the past decades there was an increase in the proportion of those with degree in pedagogy, 82