1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

II. SUMMARY

II. Summary The main characteristics of the demographic processes, the changes in employment, the changes in the composition of households and families, and the changes in housing conditions over the past decades are: - The duplication of the number of the population took a century. Till the turn of the century the growth of the population had increased decade by decade. Since the turn of the century a gradual decrease in the growth of the population have been observed. In the seventies the number of the population was growing only moderately, though the rate of the growth was somewhat faster than in the previous decade, and only a bit more than half of the growth rate in the fifties. -The composition of the population by sex was most balanced at the turn of the century. The high female surplus experienced after the second world war decreased sharply, this sharp decrease have been stopped after 1970 first of all by the increasing male mortality. - The composition of the population by age is characterized since 1900 by the decreasing proportion of children and young adults and the increasing proportion of elder adults and olds. There was not any considerable change in the composition of the population by age between 1970 and 1980: the proportion of children slightly increased, the proportion of young adults slightly decreased, the proportion of the elder adults and of the olds remained unchanged. - The composition by marital status changed considerably since 1970. At the end of the past century the proportion of the married was two third, this proportion showed a decreasing tendency in the course of the 20th century, and only during the past decade showed gradual increase. The proportion of the divorced increased at a slow pace since the beginning of the century, however considerable increase can be observed since 1949. The proportion of the widowed fell by 1960 after an increase due to the Second ^Vorld War, although in 1980 - coming from the aging of the population - the number of the widowed is higher than in 1949. The proportion of the unmarried showed a strong decrease. - The educational level of the population changed significantly during the past sixty years. According to the data of the 1920 census only 5 percent of the seven years old and older population completed the eight grades of primary education, almost two percent obtained secondary school leaving certificate, and only one percent graduated in higher education. After the liberation due to the expansion of educational possibilities and the population's growing need for higher education, the number and proportion of those completing secondary and higher education grew at a fast pace. At the same time the proportion of those having lower educational level than the eight primary grades fell, and most of them left school before 1945. The proportion of women completing secondary or higher education grew faster in the past decade than that of men, this meant a further decrease in the difference between the educational level of the two sexes. More than 2 5 percent of those having higher educational degree are under thirty. Since 1970 the proportion of dependants having higher educational degree decreased, but the proportion of those receiving child-care-allowance and the proportion of inactive earners increased. Almost every active earner having higher educational degree pursue nonmanual occupation, the proportion of manuals is insignificant. One third of the nonmanuals with higher education are in managerial position and most of them are thirty or older. Only slightly more than two thirds of these with higher education have a job that is in accordance to their qualification. Almost 25 percent of the 18 years old and older population have completed secondary education. In the course of the past fifty years the growth of the number of those completing secondary education was more dynamic than that of those having higher education. - The composition of the population by economic activit

y has changed considerably since the turn of the century. In 1900 two fifths of the population was active earner, the proportion of inactive earners was slightly more than one percent, the rest was dependant. During the past eicrht dec7