1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

II. SUMMARY

out children increased, the number of one child families hardly changed, the number of two children families rose considerably, the number of families with more children decreased more moderately then in the previous decade. As against of the earlier tendency, among the families with children there was a considerable rise in the number of families with two children younger than 1 5. - The fertility of married women is characterized during the past six decades by the gradual decrease of the number of births. The number of children per one hundred married wa? 362 in 1920, by 1980 this number was only 189. The reason for the change in the average number of children was the great decrease of the number of women giving birth to four or more children. In 192 0 more than two fifth of the married women gave birth to four or more children, in 1980 this rate was less than one tenth. In the distribution by the number of children, the proportion of women giving birth to two children is decisive, this proportion is showing continuous rise. - The housing conditions of the population have improved considerably: the growth in the number of flats was highest in the seventies since the liberation, and this was exceeded by the growth in the number of rooms. Decisive proportion of the new homes have two or more rooms. As a result of this and as a result of the liquidation of small flats there was a great decrease in the number of one-room-flats, the distribution of flats by size improved and increased the ground space of the flats. So the density changed favourably in comparison to the past decades. Coming from these both the quality and quantity need for homes decreased, but the housing shortage is still considerable. - The construction of flats was helped by private building to a great extent, so between 1970 and 1980 there was private house building of large dimensions with considerable state subsidy. The number of privately owned flats increased most. The number of state owned flats increased only to a lesser degree. According to the aims of the housing policy there was a further decrease in the number of co-tenancies. - The supply of public utilities and other equipments of the flats has improved a lot in the past decade. The number of flats equipped with bathrooms and water toilets increased most, but the number of flats with water conduit and sewage disposal increased almost to the same degree. - The distribution of the flats by the degree of comfortness changed favourably; the reason for this are: the newly built flats are better equipped, the modernization of the old flats and the liquidation of flats without amenities. So the number of self-contained flats increased considerably in the past decade, and the number of flats without comfortness decreased. - In 1980 there were 469 housing estates in the country. The building of housing estates started at the end of the forties, at the beginning in the capital and later gradually in other cities. By 1960 only 12 percent of the housing estate homes had been completed. In the sixties were constructed twice as many housing estate flats than before. The large scale building of housing estates became general only in the sixties. Two thirds of the housing estate flats were constructed in this period. As a result of this the great majority of the flats built in the cities were housing estate flats. At the housing estates the number of flats per one building is more than other places. At the housing estates the proportion of small (one room) flats and the proportion of large (four rooms) flats is lower than other places, the proportion of two and three rooms flats is higher than other places. At the housing estates the number of dwellers per one room is less than other places, so the density is more favourable than other places. The ground space of the housing estate flats is smaller than other flats. The proportion of state owned flats at the housing estates has been decreasing decade by decade. More than one thirds of the state owned flats in the cities can be found at the housing estates. From the point of view of comfortness the housing estate flats are in more favourable position than other flat s, this is due to the younger age of the housing estate flats. In 1980 16 per cent of the country's population lived at housing estates. This proportion is close to 30 per cent in towns and 1 per cent in the villages. The most important difference between the population living at housing estates and at other places, is their age. At the housing estates the proportion of the 0-14 years old and the proportion of the 2 5-44 years old is considerably higher than other places, the proportion of the other age groups is less at the housing estates than at other places. The proportion of children is highest in those towns where the majority of the housing estates were built in the seventies. 10