Kovacsics József: A történeti statisztika forrásai (Budapest, 1957)

Angol nyelvű összefoglaló

was fixed in 1787 at 6 468 000 for Hungary, 1 441 000 for Transylvania, 647 000 for Croatia and Slavonia. Together with the estimated number of the inhabitants of the Military Frontier Province and that of soldiers, the total population of the country in 1787 may be put at 9,4 million. The number of population as per revisions carried out in 1787 serves as a reliable basis for extrapolations in view of estimating the probable population in the early 18th century. The author attempts an estimate of this kind, based on various estimates regarding the 1721 population (see Table 1 and 2), with the help of the following formula: a

n = at(l +x)»-i + m v , where a.^ = number of initial population; a

n == population at the end of period; x = ratio of natural increase of population; n = length of period in years; m = migration difference of the whole period. On the basis of the official demographic data from 1777, 1782, 1786—1787, 1830 etc. and of other considerations, the decennial rate of natural increase may be estimated at 10 per cent; consequently, the 1721 population was probably between 3,5 and 4,0 million. The author publishes in Tables 3—5 the most important data of the census and also some ratios which may be calculated thereof. CONSCRIPTIONS IN TRANSYLVANIA. The first part of the study is dealing with the Transylvanian general tax conscription of 1750. This conscription became necessary for the purpose of regulation of the Transylvanian tax situation. The latter was urged by the general financial situation of the Habsburg Empire. Prior to 1750, the tax system of Transylvania was not suitable to guarantee a proportioned distribution of the tax burden. Besides, exemptions from taxes were considerable, and the public debts of the communities were disproportionally high in comparison with Transylvania's material resources. Dissatisfaction concerning the tax burden showed itself openly. Unsuccessful attempts to build up a new tax system were made already in the course of the first decades of the century. Preparatory work was started again in 1742 but substantial measures took place only in the second half of 1749. Then a plan of a tax conscription was elaborated to create a basis for the new tax system. This far-reaching work consisted of four conscriptions which took place in every community. The first part contained some informations on the community itself, then it registered, by taxable persons, the extent of their land and house properties and, in towns, their income derived from houses; the income accruing from their gardens and orchards, the size of their arable land, its yields by various crops, the extent of meadows, the wine production of their vineyards, the number of their animals (different kinds of draught animals; cows; young cattle; foals, sheep and goats together; pigs; beehives); the data concerning agricultural industry (brewery, distillery); the income from all kinds of their mills; the taxes paid in, or outstanding from 1748—49; their industrial or commercial occupation (data were classified according to the material wellbeing of the persons concerned); and the titles of eventual exemptions from taxation. In addition to this principal table, three others registered