Tudományszervezési Tájékoztató, 1973

1. szám - Bibliográfia

THE SYSTEM OF MATERIAL AND MORAL INCENTIVES OF THE CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICS OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES A new system of material and moral incentives has been introduced in the Central Research Institute for Physics, the largest research institute in Hungary. A top-manager of the Institute, the author describes what prompted the Institute's management to take this step, and outlines both the principles and the practical implementation of the new system. He also dwells upon some problems relating to the scientific manpower and certain questions raised by the distribution of premium fund. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE POLICY IN SWEDEN IN 1971-1972. Based on Swedish sources, the article gives a brief outline of the most remarkable developments of research policy and science policy in the past two years. The organizational structure and activities of the Office of Technological Development /STU/, the Academy of Engineering Sciences and the Natural Science Research Council are described. SCIENCE POLICY AND FINANCING R+D IN INDIA SINCE NEHRU India occupies a particular place among the developing countries: although its financial resources are meagre, it has a large number of outstanding scientists and a considerable network of research institutes. The country spends 0.4 per cent of GNP on scientific activities, and may well boast of remarkable results in such fields of research as atomic energy and space research. In spite of all this, science cannot play a role worthy of its importance in the country's life because the scientific community is not able to obtain a say — in a satisfactory and organized manner — in problems affecting the country's future. What is missing is a uniform science policy, and the priority of research objectives and tasks is still an unsettled question. The interests of certain branches of science will often come to the fore contrary to the interest of the majority: science depends on the hierarchy of state administration, thus the major part of scientists are not independent thinkers and are not outspoken. It is a provable fact that the economic significance and social role of scientific development had been recognized by the nation's élite long before India's independence. Formally, the first really important science policy measure was taken in 1958 — in the spirit of the necessity of mobilizing the national resources — to promote R+D in India. Retaining certain traditional elements, though, the present organizational framework of science was built up after the above measure. This, however, is not adequately effective — from a practical aspect — to serve the purpose of coordination in R+D. India has several bodies of research organization, working parallel with each other and organized on the same level, but their relationship is not close, 186