Tudományszervezési Tájékoztató, 1972

2. szám - Bibliográfia

controls its R+D activities, while the Science Policy Council's report examines the future of research councils. Lord Rothschild tends to condemn the absolute freedom of the government's research institutions — particularly of the research councils — in selecting and conducting research projects. Applied research has to be brought into harmony with the country's actual needs. Research objectives should be formulated after careful consideration by the consumers and their elected representatives. The task of researchers is to give expert advices and to perform research tasks coordinated with the social demands. The second part of the article reviews a paper by Lord Solly Zuckerman. The famed British science politician had read his paper in October, 1971, which was then published in three subsequent numbers of the Times Literary Supplement. The paper discusses three groups of problems. The first is concerned with the expectations and frustration of the community of scientists, and described the effect of the cut of government funds for science on British scientists. He sharply criticized the myth of independent science, and expressed his views as to the social responsibility of scientists. The second part of his paper deals with problems involved in the relationship between science and government, and describes the historical development of British science policy and the participation of scientists in the goverment's decision-making. The third part is concerned with the relationship between science and the public, and with misconceptions brought about by mass media, popular science literature and the like. WOMEN IN NATURAL SCIENCES A very timely and still unsolved problem throughout the world is the participation of women in scientific work and the assuring of their proportionate participation in various fields of science. Based on a study and bibliography prepared under the Research Policy Program of the University of Lund, the article describes the role women play in scientific research, with special view to the •natural sciences, their educational opportunities, and their place in the general situation of scientific manpower. The article also deals with the career choice of women within the sciences, then, evaluating the individual aspects of differences between the two sexes, it comes to the conclusion that the active participation of women in scientific research is not so much a problem of intellectual capabilities or economic situation or demand for

•scientific manpower, but a problem of an excessively complex system inside and outside of the developing personality. 402