Miklós Kásler - Zoltán Szentirmay (szerk.): Identifying the Árpád Dynasty Skeletons Interred in the Matthias Church. Applying data from historical, archaeological, anthropological, radiological, morphological, radiocarbon dating and genetic research (Budapest, 2021)

CHAPTER EIGHT – PCR and NGS investigations

Figure 37. D3S1358 marker, forward sequence, TCTA motifs are in brackets. Samples M2, M3 and M4 contain stutter artifacts; this is the result of loop development during amplification and it caused the reads to lengthen or shorten (Figure 30). In the area marked by the arrow, a G>A sequence can be seen on the reverse strand. A severely truncated read can also be seen due to a PCR artifact (not marked).

D7S820: In the sample (Ml, M2) from skeleton 11/52, this marker was much easier to analyze both via PCR and NGS compared to Béla Ill

’s DNA sample (M3, M4). The structure of Béla

Ill

’s skeleton is better preserved, but despite this, the DNA extracted from it - as mentioned before several times - was more fragmented than the sample of the less well preserved skeleton 11/52. In the case of skeleton 11/52, the A2 allele could not be detected in the Göttingen

laboratory, not even with sequencing, but the Al alleles detected via PCR and NGS were identical. The marker alleles detected in the bone samples from Béla

III

were different from the above PCR data. We did not obtain an evaluable M3 result via sequencing, but the

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