Kaján Imre (szerk.): Zalai Múzeum 23. (Zalaegerszeg, 2017)
Tarbay János Gábor: Késő bronzkori depó Oltárc–Márki hegyről (Zala m.) Őskori manipulációk, szelektív és recens törések vizsgálata
The Late Bronze Age Hoard from Oltáré Márki Hill 85 slightly flamed and stepped blade (Cat. no. 2).65 The latest syntheses on the typology of this spearhead group were given by Lyuben Leshtakov66 and Tiberius Bader.67 Here, we follow the latter scholar’s work. Our spearhead can be associated with the so called Group B/Variant 6/b which distributes on almost the entire territory of the East Central European region. Its parallels can be found in the regions of Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Romania, Transcarpathia, Croatia, Serbia and Poland.68 The production of this spearhead type has started in the Koszider horizon but its deposition surprisingly lasted through the Late Bronze Age, when the youngest specimens appeared in the territory of the Czech Republic.69 Despite this type was in use for an extremely long period of time, it was mainly deposited between the Br D and Ha A1 periods.70 In the absence of radiographic images it would be a bold attempt to analyse the typo-chronological position of the Cat. no. 4 objects combination’s spearhead. Although, the visible parts strongly suggest that this object can be associated with the Group C of the spearheads with middle strengthening ribs. This group similarly to the spearheads with stepped blade is a supra-regional type, which’s design has existed between the Br D and Ha B1 periods.71 The Cat. no. 5.2. dagger has a quite unique hilt due to its post-casting treatment (hammering). Comparable weapons with slightly different hilt were classified as Mannacora type (e.g. Peschiera del Garda,72 Nagy vejke73). Further specimens dated between the Br D and Ha A1 periods also show similarities with the Márki Hill dagger: Bizovac,74 Boljanic,75 Markovac- Grunjac,76 Márok,77 Orci,78 Praha-Dejvice 2,79 Sighetu Marma(iei l,80 Slavonski Brod,81 Uioara de Sus.82 However, the closest parallels of the analyzed dagger are the ones from Dip§a83 and Ljubljanica River.84 3.6.2. Tools The socketed axe with rib decorations and loop (Cat. no. 4.1) is a supra-regional type. Its decoration group (double horizontal and V-shaped ribs) was first analyzed by Burger Wanzek85 whose work is adopted here. According to his updated lists of parallels (List 2), the main distribution area of this socketed axe is in Transdanubia, Croatia, Slovenia and Bosnia and Hercegovina. Further specimens are sporadically known from the territory of the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the north-eastern part of Hungary. It is quite interesting that the only casting mould parallel was excavated in the Ha A1 settlement of Mezőcsát- Hörcsögös86 (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County) which is outside the main distribution area of this type (fig. 25). Most of these socketed axes can be dated to the Ha A1 period but a few specimens are known from hoards which were associated with the uncertain Ha A2 horizon. The latest appearance (Ha Bl) of this decoration type can be seen on one of the socketed axes of the Szentes-Nagyhegy 4th hoard,87 however this specimen is slightly different than the rest of the group, in respect of its form. Similarly to the above mentioned artefacts, the Cat. no. 5.1. winged axe has its parallels in the western and 65 Germ. Lanzenspitzen mit treppenartig profiliertem Blatt. BADER 2015, 382. See RÍHOVSKY 1996, 73—83.; MOZSOL1CS 1985, 20—21.; HETESI 2004; GEDL2008, 66-69.; VASIC 2015, 50-60. 66 LESHTAKOV 2015, 236-248. 67 BADER 2015, 382-383.; BADER in press. 68 BADER 2015, 382-383. 69MOZSOLICS 1967, 174.; RÍHOVSKY 1996, 80-81.; BADER 2015, 383. 70 BADER 2015,383. 71 BADER 2015, 384-386. 72 PERON1 1994, 146-148., Tav. 80, 1461. 73 MÉSZÁROS 1971-1972, 27., 5. kép 6, VII. tábla 4. 74 VINSKI-GASPARINI 1973, Tab. 35, 6. 75 KÖNIG 2004, Taf. 14, 10. 76 JOVANOVIC 2010, Tab. 32, 258, Tab. 33, 263. 77 MOZSOLICS 1985, Taf. 91, 5, 7. 78 MOZSOLICS 1985, Taf. 120, 9. 79 KYTLICOVÁ 2007, Taf 40a, 1. 80 PETRESCU-DÍMBOVIJA 1978, Taf. 134B, 10. 81 CLAUSING 2004, Abb. 5, 15. 82 PETRESCU-DÍMBOVIJA 1978, Taf 192, 784. 83 CIUGUDEAN et al. 2006, 38-39., Pl. XXIX, 3. According to the grouping of the Romanian research, this object can be assigned to the Uioara type daggers. KACSÓ 2007, 157-158., Abb. 8. 84 GASPARI2004, Abb. 6, 3. 85 WANZEK 1989, 214. 86 PATEK 1981, 327-328., Abb. 3; MOZSOLICS 1985, 149, Taf. 272, 5. 87 MOZSOLICS 2000, 78-79., Taf 97, 14.
