Perémi Ágota (szerk.): Hadak útján. Népvándorlás Kor Fiatal Kutatóinak XXIII. konferenciakötete (Veszprém, 2016)

Prohászka Péter: Karl Ludwig Moser és egy népvándorlás kori fülbevalópár a szlovéniai Tomajból

find from Kalaja e Dalmacés is being linked associated with the graveyard of the Komani culture and generally dated back to the 7,h-8,h century,8 but the mentioned spearhead is an accidental find and cannot be assigned to any archaeological unit. The problem of chronology and ethnicity of the Komani culture is still unclear and discussed. In regard to the material composition of that culture we can observe the Byzantine imports, local imitations of the Byzantine products as well as products inspired by items of Byzantine origins, products related to the nomadic milieu, items close to contemporary Slavic culture and traces of Frankish and Longobardian imports, especially tools and weapons. In its larger chronology the Komani culture can be dated from the late 5th to the early 9th century.9 However, G. Csiky10 links the spearhead from Kalaja e Dalmacés with openworked Longobardian spearheads from the Apennine peninsula, and this is the region where he looks for analogies to it, which, in light of the current knowledge about Komani culture, seems to be quite possible. A distinguishing feature of the spearhead from Klátova Nová Ves is also its octagonal profiled socket, resembling 8th-century Frankish specimens of spearheads of the Egling-type,11 although the leaf was formed in a different manner manner connecting its outlook with western influences.

Further findings, already associated with the decor of a horse and warrior which can be linked with the culture of the Khaganate include seven bronze jingle- bells pendants12 (Fig. 6.), of which only five were available to research, and two applications - one of a shape of animal's head (boar) and another one, probably a part of triangular fitting (Fig. 7.1, 3.).13 The jingle-bells applications are considered to be a part of the Avar-style horse or man attire.This is quite popular application, which can be found in several graves dated to the Late Avar Period.14

The applications like animal-head shaped plates, jingle-bells pendants and triangular fittings occur in the Avar as well as mixed Avar-Slavic environment, but also on the fortified settlements located outside

8 Milosevic 1995, 100; Dzino 2010, 85. Also known as Komani-Kruja (Komani-Krue) or Arbér culture.

9 Bowden 2003, 59-62; Dzino 2010,85-87; Filiposki2010.

,0 Csiky 2009,91-92.

11 Stein 1967,16-17.

12 ZAbojnIk 2011,209.

,3 Acknowledgements to Mgr. A. Csuthy, PhD. for help in identification. 14 Trugiy2008, 100.

the Khaganate.15 Single specimens are known from Mikulcice16 and Rubín-Dolánky,17 therefore the pre- Great Moravian local centres. Such forms are dated back to the Late Avar period lll-IV.18 In the grave 821 from Mikulcice, in addition to the fitting of a shape of horse head, also a bronze jingle-bell pendant was found. Further pieces come from loose discoveries.19

Another elements, which could be connected with the nomadic culture are an incomplete strap-end, a broken propeller-fitting (Fig. 7. 2, 4.), an S-shaped briddle-bit (Fig. 8.4.) and a stirrup (Fig. 8.1.) of 1-1 type according to A. Ruttkay.20

The only traces, not directly connected with the Avar culture, except above-mentioned arrowheads, which could be younger, are iron hooked spur of IB type according to D. Bialeková21 and unfinished or poorly casted pin of similar but bronze type of spur (Fig. 8. 2-3.). The typology of this kind of spurs confirms dating of the site to the Late Avar Period (generally at the 8th and beginnings of the 9th century).

The iron spur is a well-preserved specimen of a hooked spur. It is 8,2 cm in height, 7,9 cm wide, an inner height of a yoke is 5,5 cm and a spike is 2,7 cm long.The yoke is flattened, rectangular in a cross section. One of the hooks, 2,2 cm long is diligently folded parallel to the yoke, the second hook has not been preserved. The spike has a shape of a prism with a square base with side length of 1 cm. The base of the spike is decorated with a double ribbing. The spur should be classified as the IB type according to D. Bialeková,22 the variety C of technotype lll:2 according to J. Zak23 and the varieties B-C in classification of K. Wachowski.24

A second noteworthy discovery is a bronze fragment (a spike with adjacent part of a yoke) of unfinished spur. The spike was supposed to be an extended cone decorated with two ribs at the base. The item is about 4,3 cm long. It is impossible, however, to determine the type and to set out measurements of the spur

'5 Klanica 1968, Abb. 1,4; Dekan 1972,395-396; ProfantovA 1992,618619,633; Trugly 2008,102 kép.

,6 Klanica 1968, Abb. 1,4.

17 BubenIk 1988, tab. IV.

18 ProfantovA 1992,618-619.

19 ProfantovA 1992,Taf. 23 :B.

20 Ruttkay 1976,353, Abb. 74; ProfantovA 1992,636; Karo 2004,166.

21 BialekovA 1977,120-121

22 BialekovA 1977,120-121

23 Zak-MaCkowiak-Kotkowska 1988,31-32.

24 Wachowski 1991,86-87.

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