Nagy Zoltán: A dunántúli cseréppipa-készítő műhelyek és termékeik a 19. században (Fontes Castriferriensis 1. Szombathely, 2001)

NAGY ZOLTÁN: DUNÁNTÚLI CSERÉPPIPA KÉSZÍTŐ MŰHELYEK ÉS TERMÉKEIK A XIX. SZÁZADBAN workshops, such as Batiz, Bonyhád, Borgó, Debrecen, Gisze, Hilics, KisAzar, Körmend, Körmöcbánya, Pápa, Városlőd, Pernitz, Pest, Óbuda, Podrecsány, Pozsony, Selmecbánya, Theresienfeld, Trausdorf, Vasvár, Wienerneustadt, Zólyom etc. Based on the literature of old days and my own observations, I made efforts to revive the technique of pipe production at that time, i.e* a manufacturetype production method, along which numerous features of decoration techniques may have also been applied. The pieces elaborated by seals, socalled "rádlizó", create a particular local style with their various tiny features, such as gear-wheel, empty and filled dot line, pearl line, semi-circle, lace, rope-laying, rosette, sealed leaf, zig-zag, diamond, bars, fish-eye, palmette, acanthus-leaf, hatched triangular, star, hatched line, punched-field, fine hatched bars, multi-hatched waves, various scraped decorations and motives etc. These distinguish between pieces pressed into the same forms by workshops. The decoration of the rims deserve special attention. The tiny lines of dots, sixfold petals, dotted line decoration, "cat-feet prints", triangular and diamond filled up with dotted lines may be associated with the master craftsmen of a work shop. Based on my own observations, such decoration techniques may have been transferred to other active work shops with their specific tool kits used for such purpose. Although the shape and the plastic decoration are identical, the patterns sealed differ. In case any level of identity is discovered, the tool kit was likely to have been overtaken as well. Thus, the decorations are similar, yet never the same, i.e. no live contact between the workshops may be declared at this point of time. Further study of the pipe fragments revealed a great number of shapes applied. The workshops located in Körmend, Vasvár, Bonyhád, and Pápa used nearly five-hundred pipe shapes different from each other. The engraved decorations may be classified into several groups; relief-like motives are the followings: emperor (Francis the 1

st

, Napoleon), shield (Hungarian Sacra Corona, Austrian eagle), military/soldier figure, engaged couple in local clothes, hunter and hunting scenes, deer putting its head back, mythological figures, masks, exotic themes (Indian, man in burnus leading a giraffe), anniversary (gallion-figured sailing steam boat, Wiener railway) etc. Besides the engraved helix, Baroque flowers, basket-laying, flask, acanthus-leaf motives other ones appear, such as horn, sedge layed beehive, snouty horn, lion-foot jar, and ciassic Selmecbánya Baroque-shell pipe forms. The individual work shops may be characterized by the names and master marks sealed, yet occasionally the color of the products also counts. Half amount of the pipes examined are made of wax-treated, polished terracotta, whilst the other half consists waxed, and polished pieces fired black through 90