A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 44. (Nyíregyháza, 2002)

Régészet - †Ivan Popovich: A multilevel settlement at village Baranincy/Baranya in the Transcarpathian Region

A multilevel settlement at village Baranincy/Baranya Feature 16, square B-5, 6 (fig. 2). Oval, 1.2x1 m large, 0.41 m deep pit with gently steep walls and even bottom. In the grey fill hand- and wheel-made pottery was found (pi. XIV: 1-4). Feature 19, square B-8, 9, square T-8, 9 (fig. 2). Oval, 1x0.6 m large, 0.41 m deep pit oriented east-west. In the dark greyish fill fragments of Roman Age pottery and pieces of plastering were found. Feature 20, square T-9 (fig. 2). Oval, 1.2x0.9 large, 0.31 m deep oval pit oriented east-west. Some scattered fragments of hand-made pottery belong to the Roman Age. Feature 21, square B-9 (fig. 2). Round, 0.72 m diameter, 0.32 m deep pit. Some side fragments of hand-made pots were collected in the fill. Feature 22, square A-ll, 12, square B—

11, 12 (fig. 2). Outdoor fire-place (standing independently from a dwelling). It was made in an oval, 1.6x0.6 m large pit. In the eastern part of the feature a continuous, 0.12 m thick layer of baking surface covered with charcoal was observed. Feature 23, square B-12, square T-12 (fig. 2). Oval, 1.6x0.6 m large, 0.51 m deep pit with steep walls. Pottery fragments were found in the fill. Feature 24, square B—

11, 12, square r—

11, 12 (fig. 1). Remains of a clay fire-place: a layer of the baking surface mixed with charcoal and ash. The round, 0.6 diameter fire-place was built on the ancient surface and emerged 0.12 cm high above the subsoil. Some fragments of pottery burned into slags were found here. Determining the cultural-chronological attribution of the Roman Age features, we have to take into consideration the small number of finds in the investigated features. Their majority, probably belonged to dwellings built onto the surface and household buildings with post construction of the walls and roofs, as the large number of post-holes on the whole surface of the excavation testify. Unfortunately, it does not seem possible to determine the form of the construction on the basis of the situation of the post-holes, because no system can be read in it. From one hand, this can be explained by the concentration of the Roman Age features at the northern, eastern and southern wall of the excavation - that is why they cannot be completely investigated. From the other hand, the site is multilayered, so the constructions of the Roman Age could be destroyed by the Medieval features. It was not possible to determine the form of the constructions by the situation of the cultural layer on the place of the buildings either, because the cultural layer was completely destroyed in the course of melioration works. However, the prevalence of surface constructions on the settlement is indubitable. This type of constructions is characteristic for many cultures of Roman Age in the Carpathian Basin. Surface dwellings and household buildings with post-system were characteristic for the Przeworsk Culture (GODLOWSKI 1981. 105-106). As we have already pointed out, only pottery, both hand- and wheel-made, was found in the features of Roman Age. Hand-made pottery is very fragmentary. We have to mention especially pots with slightly everted rim, hardly noticeable neck and rounded body. The pots were decorated by finger imprints (pi. XIV: 1). Both the shape and the finger-imprint ornament are frequently met at the Przeworsk sites of the Transcarpathian Region. An analogous urn comes from the cemetery of the 3

rd century from village Bratovo/Batár (KOTIGOROSHKO 1979. 159, ris. 2: 2). This form of pot and motifs of ornamentation are known from the sites of East Slovakia (LAMIOVÁ-SCHMIEDLOVÁ 1969. 464, Abb. 38: 1) and from the middle and late phase of