A Nyíregyházi Jósa András Múzeum évkönyve 44. (Nyíregyháza, 2002)

Régészet - †Ivan Popovich: A multilevel settlement at village Baranincy/Baranya in the Transcarpathian Region

Ivan Popovich the Late Roman Age from Przeworsk sites on the territory of Poland (GODLOWSKI 1981. 67, tabl. 5: 13). A bowl with a slightly bending rim also belongs to the hand-made pottery (pi. X: 4). Similarly to the pots, it also has a rude surface. Such bowls are met on the territory of Bohemia and Slovakia in the Late Roman Age and in the Migration Period. They are also known in the assemblages of the Prague Culture (KOSNAR-WALDHAUSER 1973. 102). We have to underline that the hand-made pottery of the Przeworsk sites from functional point of view can be divided into kitchen- and tableware. While kitchenware has rude surface with a significant adding of minerals, the tableware usually has plain, frequently smoothed surface of black, yellow and brown colour. According to Godlowski, in the late phase of the Przeworsk Culture, together with the mass appearance of wheel-made pottery, tableware was driven out by wheelmade ceramics. At the same time rude kitchenware existed during the whole period of the Przeworsk Culture (GODLOWSKI 1981. 60). Analysing the materials of our settlement, we can see that the whole set of ceramic assemblage is represented only by rude kitchenware with uneven surface. We did not find even one fragment of smoothed pottery. At the same time wheel-made pottery is represented in a large number that testifies to the conclusion of the Polish researcher and together with it determines the relative chronology of the site and makes it possible to attribute the ceramics of the settlement found in village Baranincy to the late phase of the Przeworsk Culture. Wheel-made pottery comes from features 10, 14, 16. In features 10, 16 one fragment of terra sigillata was found. One of them is a side fragment of a vessel of unknown shape. Judging from the fragment, this vessel had a deeply incised line ornament (pi. XIII: 1). The other one belonged to the bottom of a vessel (pi. XIV: 4). Despite of the fact that on the territory of the Barbarian lands north of the Danube terra sigillata is the most spread type of Roman imported ceramics, in the Transcarpathian Region, judging from the materials published by now, we know only one piece of this type of ceramics from the above mentioned cemetery at village Bratovo (KOTIGOROSHKO 1979. 159-160, ris. 2: 7). On the basis of the statistics of terra sigillata vessels from Slovakia, Moravia, Bohemia and Poland J. Heckova concluded that its most intensive use can be put to the middle of the 2

nd - first part of the 3

rd century A.D. According to her opinion, in Slovakia its most intensive use can be observed on the turn of the 2

nd

/3

rd century. On the Polish territories terra sigillata is mostly used in the first half of the 3

rd century (HECKOVA 1982. 25). Among other types of wheel-made pottery a side fragment from feature 10 (pi. XIII: 3) must be mentioned and two vessels from the stray material. This is a beaker with a straight rim and spherical body (pi. XIII: 2) and a rim of a storage vessel (pi. XIII: 4). All of them belong to the smooth grey pottery classified as type 7 of the Roman imported pottery on the territory of Slovakia according to E. Krekovic (KREKOVIC 1981. 341-376). From feature 14 comes a rim fragment of a red, wheel-made, smooth beaker (pi. XIII: 5). Chronologically grey and red smooth pottery corresponds to the time of the most intensive appearance of terra sigillata in the Carpathian Basin. In South-West Slovakia this process is dated to the second half of the 3

rd century (HECKOVA 1982. 31). Pottery assemblage of our settlement is synchronous with such sites as Holmok/Homok II (PENIAK-POPOVICH-POTUSHNIAK 1981. 301), Vuzlovoe/Bátyú (PENIAK-POPOVICH-POTUSHNIAK 1977. 352-353) in the Transcarpathian Region. Only recently it was determined that these sites belong to the Przeworsk Culture (KOBAL' 1994. 49). So, the horizon of 68