Somogyi Múzeumok Közleményei 13. (1998)

M. Aradi Csilla: A főnyed-gólyásfai Árpád-kori temető és település eddigi ásatásának összegzése

154 Summary of the excavations at the Arpád-aged M. ARADI From 1988 onwards we have pursued excavations on the territory 5 times, during which period 142 pits, 427 graves and 3 skeletons were unearthed. According to the evidence drawn from the cemetery map, a bigger gap can be traced a bit to the North of the centre, which makes the presence of a small (6x10 m), one apse, wooden church possible. Similar church built from rods and clay resting on bressumers was excavated by Róbert Müller at the island of Zalaszabar Borjúállás and Edit Tari at the Tápiógyörke-llike part site. The results of archaeology are supported by contemporary documents as well (e.g. King László I's decree of Szabolcs from 1092, the visit of St Altmann, bishop of Passau from the XI century etc.) On the North side of the cemetery we can observe grave lines slightly slanting in the NW-SE direction, but in the centre we can find superpositioned burials in 4 layers. Superstitious prevention against the homecoming spirit of the dead explains the large stone situated on the skeleton of a baby (502). We can also observe graves surrounded by stones or bricks (305, 540). Coffined burials occur in the cemetery in 5 occasions only. We collected only a small amount of finds from the XI-XII century cemetery (in 59 graves only 83 articles), in most cases connected with costume. The largest quantity are the twisted or plain hair rings, mostly adorned by an „spending, sometimes ribbed, between cemetery and settlement of Főnyed-Gólyásfa CSILLA 1,5-5 cm in diameter, made from silver, bronze or iron (in one case tin) wire. From the horizon of the earrings a granulated, spherical shaped type is worth mentioning, which type originates probably from Byzantine. The rings vary from the pointed wire ones to the band shaped types with glass filling. Iron buckles and knives can be also found in graves. Pits from the X-XIII century can be traced all over the excavated area, sometimes even from under the graves. We could reconstruct in some cases pit houses (96-97, 166-167, 178, 353) and outdoor furnaces (165, 432, 459, 531). Interesting ceramic finds occur in the 396 and 468 pits; the brick coloured, thick vessel with a ribbed, cornet shaped neck, is decorated by horizontal and vertical ribs, while its free surface is ornated by herring-bone and wave line motives. Beside pots decorated with the combination of straight and wavy lines, slanting cuts, we can find ceramic cauldrons and vessels with boundles of straight and wavy lines. The rim is usually cut in 45 degrees or is rounded but we can also find pieces where the inner side is thickened in a pillow-like form. The spurs found in the pits (thorny and rowelled types) are wide spread from the XII-XIII centuries. In a beehive shaped, corn storage pit (267) we found 3 skeletons thrown on one another. The swordmarks on the skulls makes it probable that they are victims of violence and were concealed in hasty in the pit.