Nógrádi Sára – Uherkovich Ákos: Magyarország tegzesei - Dunántúli Dolgozatok Természettudományi Sorozat 11. (Pécs, 2002)
11. Függelék
376 DUNÁNTÚLI DOLGOZATOK (A) TERMÉSZETTUDOMÁNYI SOROZAT 11. (2002) Chapter 7 (Some thoughts on the development and zoogeographical situation of Hungarian caddisflies), as projected in the title, indeed presents only some thoughts rather than a detailed analysis is this topic. We establish that the most frequent species are Palaearctic or Holarctic ones, and they can occur in many types of stagnant waters, or in larger rivers. On the contrary, most of the inhabitants of mountain streams, creeks and springs belong to different centres of European areas (“Arealkerne”) as centres of “dinodal” biome type (Malicky 1983, 2000). Some of the species of these centres of areas occur also in Hungary. (See Hungarian text.) We did not intend to give a zoogeographical analysis of Hungarian species in details, as the distribution area of the caddisflies can be explained only by dynamics of dispersal and also by ecological factors (see Malicky 2000). The detailed zoogeographical analysis is the final step in the order of studies. What we recently have intended to find out about caddisflies is adequate information about the taxonomy, distribution, ecology, and the structure of communities (or collectives) of Trichoptera. The most important aim was only this. This knowledge can help us build up a complete zoogeographical picture of the caddisflies of the Carpathian Basin. Since we must operate with a natural unit of zoogeography, this is the smaller unit in which we can reach satisfactory results. In Chapter 8 (Nature protection - some questions of conservation biology) we survey the protection of caddisflies in Hungary. The first species became protected in 1993. Later, in 2001, eleven species were enumerated in the ministerial decree, with two species now listed as “strictly protected” (Platyphylax frauenfeldi Brau, and Chaeto- pteryx schmidi mecsekensis Nógrádi). Other nine protected species are: Plectrocnemia minima Klap., Limnephilus elegáns Curt., Melampophylax nepos McL., Drusus trifidus McL., Oligotricha striata L., Rhyacophila hirticomis McL., Chaetopteryx rugulosa Kol., Apatania muliebris McL., Ceraclea nigronervosa Retz. These protected species have a small distribution area, they are endangered or vulnerable. The last surviving world population of Platyphylax frauenfeldi Brau, can be found in Hungary, namely in river Dráva. As a consequence of the construction of a further hydroelectric power plant on the Dráva, this species can vanish and eventually become extinct. The other strictly protected species, Chaetopteryx schmidi mecsekensis Nógrádi is Hungary’s only one endemic caddisfly species (recently it has been pointed out in Croatia as well) therefore it is a rather valuable member of the fauna. Other nine species have a small margin population in Hungary, or their taxonomic, ecological and Zoogeographie situation is unique. All of them can be regarded as rarities having only a few known specimens in one or a few sites. Most of the Hungarian caddisflies are endangered or vulnerable. In this chapter we again arrange them into groups of different degrees of endangerment. (See the detailed list in the Hungarian text.) We want to emphasize the endangerment of not only the species themselves, but the biotopes with high species diversity: these are the bases for the survival of rich communities. Chapter 9 contains a Summary in Hungarian. Literature cited is listed in Chapter 10. (References). We had to be selective and only the most important papers were listed, mostly from Hungary.
