Rajna András (szerk.): Múltunk a föld alatt. Újabb régészeti kutatások Pest megyében - A Ferenczy Múzeum kiadványai, A. sorozat: Monográfiák 1. (Szentendre, 2014)

Tettamanti Sarolta: Régészti kuttások a váci vábren 1998-2002 között

English Summaries

a leather belt with bronze mounts, and the leather as well as the mounts survived in remarkably good condition. The accessories of the one-time costume were the buckles, the mounts of belts and dresses, the head-dress ornaments, the ball buttons, the rings, all of which were found as stray finds. More than hundred coins, among others two golden florins of King Sigismund of Luxemburg, were uncovered in the humus and the debris layers as well as in the fill of the foundation trench or in the disturbed fill of the graveyard. Though it was possible to examine only a small section of the church hill, yet the finds demonstrate an uncommon wealth of the community. The gold coins, gilded jewelry, metal implements and decorative objects of Dabas indicate that the inhabitants were familiar with the current changes of the Western-European fashion.

Anikó Sömjéni

15th-17th-Century Stove Tiles from the Castle of Vac

The study presents an analysis of the 15th-17th-century stove tiles found in the castle and city of Vác. During the several excavations conducted in the castle and in the city a lot of stove tiles were uncovered between the time period from the 1950s-1960s until the 1990s. There were hardly any archaeological sites that had not been strongly disturbed. The stove tiles can be classified into eight groups. The most important group from the 15th century is (No. 1) the knight-figure group, while from the 16th century (No. 2) the finds of the Csalogány street group and (No. 3) those of the Miskolci Mihály group are worth mentioning. A significant part of the stove tiles that can be dated to the second half of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century are ornamented with double-headed eagles. These can be further classified into four groups. The finds belonging to them are (No. 4) the ,,A”-group, (No. 5) the finds similar to the ,,A”-group, (No. 6) the ,,B”-group, and (No. 7) the ,,C”-group. The 7/a type fragment with the double-headed eagle cannot be classified, this piece was found during an excavation in the city. Beside that, almost every eagle-headed fragment was excavated within the castle area, and this leads to a supposition that the stoves ornamented with doubleheaded eagles stood only there. Similarly to the double-headed eagle group, the fragments of the last group (No. 8) from the 17th century that was ornamented with the figure of Saint George could also be the pieces of one single stove.

From the groups shown above the top quality specimens are the ones belonging to the knight-figure group (No. 1), the Csalogány street group (No. 2), the „A” double-headed eagle group (No. 4), the ones similar to the „A” doubleheaded eagle group (No. 5) and the ones from the group of the figure Saint George (No. 8). The fragments of the knight-figure, the Csalogány street, and the Saint George groups show strong similarities to the finds from the castle of Buda. The „A” group and pieces akin to the „A” group are analogous with the tiles made in the Transdanubian region (e.g. in Sümeg). Analogies of the „C” group are known from Eger.

From the historical point of view, Vác situated on the borderland between the Transdanubian region, the area around Buda and Northern Hungary, and this geographical position is also reflected by the local development of tilemaking. To solve the problem of dating is rather difficult in several regards. During the 16th and 17th centuries the city was on the boundary of the Turkish and the Habsburg Empire, and therefore, the control and rulership over the city had often changed. In addition, in contrast to other sites, for example, Szendrő and Füzér, in Vác unfortunately there were no broken-down stoves on their original places or nearby. The circumstances of their discovery do not make the exact dating (in decades) possible, consequently, to draw general conclusions from the analysis is rather difficult.

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