Madaras László – Szabó László – Tálas László szerk.: Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 8. (1993)

Cseh János: Kengyel-Kiss-tanya

JÁNOS CSEH KENGYEL-KISSTA (Preliminary report about the archeological On 31st August of 1990, on the occasion of the archeological-topographical works of Kengyel environs (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, Szolnok district, previously Törökszentmiklós district), on banky part extending from the village to south - of height above sea-level 88 m -, from the built-up area, from the houses so 300-400 metres apart, between the Kiss-tanya (-homestead) and the secondary road leading towards Rákóczifalva, light-coloured, greyish/ ashy smudges attracted my attention. The places well could be seen on the outer, eastern, by erosion devastated-ploughed off plateau-like margin of the Tisza-bed. At the closer survey of the archeological features, discolourings it became obvious, that there are some talk of recently, not long ago torn up remains of objects. In the "most beautiful" spot I found Merovingian age, Gepidic vessel- fragments, thus among others with stamping-in decorated 6th century potsherd. All these were holding out me with that hope, that settlement-traces can be researched, can be opened here, enriched our knowledges about the field's 5th-6th century settlement-in. Besides of course I counted on turning up of other times' archeological relics too. At the site (Kiss-tanya, -homestead) - which is only detail of a long stretch archeologicaltopographical ensemble inhabited from the Neolithicum to the late Middle Age - we were carrying on excavations between 4th September and 18th October of 1990 with sponsoring of the Damjanich Museum in Szolnok. From the perceptible approx. 25 object-traces - which were limited to a strip of 80-100x10-20 m extension, and some of which was merely a soil-discolouring - on eight we were digging upon with researching-trench, obtained positive issue by sections-undoings up. In the find-material likewise eight periods are dissociated. The aerliest traces (as sporadic) were of New Stone Age - AVK-Szakálhát period, by chance Körös SJYA (HOMESTEAD) excavations finished in the autumn of 1990) culture - and of Copper Age (Bodrogkeresztur culture). In the same way solely vessel-fragments were representing the age of the Árpáds. However we opened up a late Bronze Age pit Tumulus culture-Csorva-Gáva term broadly -, three late Iron Age objects (houses and pit), a Roman age settlement-remain, two house-bases from the age of the early migrations and late Middle Age objects (oven and pit). All in all the Celtic and the Gepidic archeological finds are of the most important. The account, wich follows below, made with claim of preliminary report in a such form, that a systematical kept note-set served as its basis. This diary-like text "is confined" in such a way expressly to the watchings done on the occasion of the day-to-day work and to the gathered finds, only in some places summarized and appreciated-interpreted the results. Of illustrations consisting material is "crude" by far the greatest number, the sketches lack the technical character and quality, which would be expected from the complete/final publication. The enclosed bibliography comprises that writings, which on the one hand relate to the site by itself (resp. to its immediate environs), while on the other (hand) they were being utilized to determination, explanation of the come to light finds. Describing of a working day 5th day (7th September) Researching-trench I. - Section-untying-upon I. Object A (Gepidic house) At the researching of the house's southern half from the first and second spits deep, mostly from the grey, 100se-mellow "culture-layer" of Old Age (Copper age-Bronze age) and 5th-6th century potsherds were emerging in fairly equal dispersion over and above few burnt daubs and animal bones. Further finds: broken bilateral bone comb on the eastern part of the spot in the first spit deep (in the depths of 20-25 160