Nagy Emese Gyöngyvér - Dani János - Hajdú Zsigmond szerk.: MÓMOSZ II. (Debrecen, 2004)

Horváth László András – Szilas Gábor – Endrődi Anna – Horváth Attila: Megelőző feltárás Dunakeszi-Székesdűlőn

LÁSZLÓ ANDRÁS HORVÁTH-GÁBOR SZILAS-ANNA ENDRÖDI-ATTILA M. HORVÁTH PRELIMINARY EXCAVATION AT DUNAKESZI-SZÉKESDŰLŐ Between May and August of 2000, we carried out a full surface excavation at Dunakeszi-Székesdűlő in an area of more than 6 hectares belonging to the AUCHAN shopping mall. The site is located on a former cay created by the Old Danube, stretching along a N-NE - S-SW axis. The oldest findings uncovered at the comb, which ensured an excellent settlement, represented a sample of the Transdanubian Linear Pottery Culture. One portion of the archeological matter unearthed from as many as 50 pits and near-surface saturations of finds dates back to the oldest phase of the culture called Bicske-Bina (Kalicz 1980; Pavúk 1980), while the rest of it comes from the so-called Note-head and Zseliz characterizing the middle and late stage of the age. Among the abundant finds, the most noteworthy items are two shards of idols and the shard of a thick sided flat bowl upon which an application in the shape of a human foot was attached. The Neolithic settlement neatly complements another settlement section excavated by Anna Endrödi in 1996, where the pole holes of two houses and the long ditches along the houses were uncovered. Among the twenty pit objects dating back to the Copper Age, two are related to the Middle Copper Age Ludanice Culture, about fifteen comes from the so-called Protoboleráz period, which is considered to have been linked to the direct transition between the Middle and Late Copper Ages (Kalicz 1991, Horváth L 1990), but the settlement appears to have survived until the beginning of the classic Boleráz period as well. In an approximately 60 meter radius circle in the middle part of the excavated area 7 Early Bronze Age graves belonging to the Nagyrév Culture were found. Three of these were urn cremation graves, while the remaining 4 were N-S position graves representing the contracted skeleton rite. Contracted skeleton grave No. 391 is of outstanding significance, including the skeleton of a woman of about 20 years of age, lying on its left side. Apart from a small bowl and a bronze pin, the grave furniture also comprised a perforated golden plate, decorated with the circular, punched technique, well-known from the sites called Óbéba (Bóna 1965) and Mokrin (Giric 1984, 49), within the area of the Maros Culture. It was probably the Bronze Age late Tumulus Grave Culture that the more than a thousand pole holes could belong to, the positions of which indicated the possibility of reconstructing about 50 piling structures. Their position, without an exception, was N-NW - S-SE. The majority of them were single-space structures comprising 3-3, 4-4, 7-7 pole holes but the remains of several double aisle branchwood buildings ending in a semicircle at their northern end could also be explored and documented.. Furthermore, 3 wells, lined with wood, belonging to the settlement were also unearthed. The quadrangular shafts of two of these were made of split and carpentered oak planks, while the perfectly preserved ring of the third one had been carved of the trunk of an old elm tree (the pecial term for these is Bodonkút). Apart from the high number of pits, the traces of a double ditch system, a small size ditch, and a stockade of almost 200 meters length were also found. The uncovered finds indicate a strong tradition of tumuli but they are also closely related to the circle of finds with a strong presence in the Ba&owy-region belonging to the transitional, late tumulus period - early urnfield period (Reinecke BD beginning) (Kőszegi 1988, 19-27, 59; Ilon 1996). In the northern part of the excavation area, a loosely structured Celtic site-section, with three huts embedded into the ground and the remains of a wicker well that most likely belonged to this site, was also discovered. HORVÁTH LÁSZLÓ ANDRÁS, SZILAS GÁBOR, ENDRŐDI ANNA, HORVÁTH M. ATTILA BTM ŐS- ÉS NÉPVÁNDORLÁS KORI OSZTÁLY 1031 BUDAPEST, ZÁHONY U. 4.